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Permutations and Combinations XD

The document discusses principles of counting, permutations, and combinations. It defines fundamental counting principles as using multiplication to find the number of possible outcomes when events can occur independently. Permutations refer to arrangements that consider order as important, while combinations disregard order. Formulas are provided for calculating permutations of n objects taken r at a time as well as combinations. Examples demonstrate applying these concepts to problems involving arranging objects, selecting teams, and counting outcomes of experiments.

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JOHN PAUL ISAGUIRRE
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60 views20 pages

Permutations and Combinations XD

The document discusses principles of counting, permutations, and combinations. It defines fundamental counting principles as using multiplication to find the number of possible outcomes when events can occur independently. Permutations refer to arrangements that consider order as important, while combinations disregard order. Formulas are provided for calculating permutations of n objects taken r at a time as well as combinations. Examples demonstrate applying these concepts to problems involving arranging objects, selecting teams, and counting outcomes of experiments.

Uploaded by

JOHN PAUL ISAGUIRRE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principles of

Counting,
Permutation and
Combination
Fundamental Counting Principle

 The Fundamental Counting Principle uses multiplication of


the number of ways each event in an experiment can occur
or find the number of possible outcomes in a sample spaces.
 If there are a ways of doing event 1, b ways of doing event 2,
c ways of doing event 3, then the total number of possible
outcomes is (a)(b)(c).

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1. Supposed you have 3 shirts and 4 pairs of pants. How many


possible outfits you can make?

2. Blackpink is a popular Kpop female idol group. Suppose they


are planning a concert tour in three countries- Philippines, Japan
and Thailand. In how many ways can Blackpink arrange their
tour schedule.
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3. Tossing a coin thrice.

4. A bus has 6 vacant seats in the last row. If 2 additional


passengers enter the bus, in how many ways can they be
seated?
Examples:
6. In how many ways can 6 seats be allocated to 6 people?

7. A test is composed of 5 multiple-choice question, with each


having four possible answers. In how many ways can a student
answer all the questions?

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8. How many 3-digit numbers can be formed from the four
digits 1, 2, 3, 4 if
– a) repetition of digits is allowed?
– b) repetition of digits is not allowed?
– c) the numbers are odd?

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Permutations
• An arrangement of a group of things in a different order, that
is, there is a first element, second, third, etc. In other words, the
order of arrangement of the elements is important. For example,
the letters a, b, and c have the following possible arrangements
or permutations:
abc, acb, bac, bca, cab, cba.

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Permutations of n distinct objects
In general, n distinct objects can be arranged in n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)
(n-4) ... (3)(2)(1) ways.

The number of permutations of n distinct objects taken n at a


time is n!
nPn=P(n,n)=n!=n(n-1)(n-2) ... (3)(2)(1)

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Examples:
1. In how many ways can four books (Math, English, History
and Science) be arranged on a shelf?

2. In how many possible ways can 6 people be lined up?

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Arrangements of Objects Taken r at a Time
  In general, n distinct objects taken r at a time can be
arranged in n(n-1)(n-2) ... (n - r+1) ways

 The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is

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Examples:
1. In how many ways can 5 starting positions on a PBA team
be filled with 12 men who can play any positions?

2. How many permutations can be made from the letters in the


word “MONDAY” if
– 4 letters are used at a time?
– All letters are used?

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Examples:
3. A team of 13 volleyball players needs to choose a captain and
co-captain.

4. Anna is setting a four-digit lock. She is considering of


different ways to use the digits 2,4,1,3 and 8.

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Permutations of n Objects Some are Alike
  The number of distinct permutations of n things of which n1
is of one of a kind, n2 of a second kind, ..., nk of a kth kind is

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Examples:
1. The number of ways of arranging the word STATISTICS is?

2. How many distinguishable ways can 3 red, 4 yellow and 2


blue bulbs be arranged in a string of Christmas tree lights
with 9 sockets?

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Circular Permutations
 Permutations that occur by arranging objects in a circle.
(n – 1)!

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Examples:
1. In how many ways can 6 different trees be planted in a
circle?

2. In how many ways can 7 people be seated at a round table


if
– a) they can sit anywhere?
– b) 2 particular people must not sit next to each other?

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Combinations
  Concerns arrangements, but without regard to the order. This
means that the order or arrangement in which the elements
are taken is not important.
 The number of ways of selecting r objects taken from n at a
time is

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Examples:
1. In a deck of 52 cards, how many ways can we select 5
hearts?

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Examples:
2. Selecting which seven players will be in the relay game on
an 8 persons team.

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Example:
3. A box contains 4 red, 3 blue, and 2 white balls. In how many
ways can we select 3 balls such that
– They are of different colors?
– They are all red?
– Two are blue and one is white?

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