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COVID-19: Board Coaching Series Topic #1 Basic Information IPC Home, Community and Health Care Settings Facilities

This document provides an overview of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies. It discusses basic information about COVID-19, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, standard precautions like hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, and strategies for prevention and control. The document is intended to help frontline workers understand their important role in breaking the chain of transmission and controlling the spread of the virus.

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Wiz Sam
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
63 views55 pages

COVID-19: Board Coaching Series Topic #1 Basic Information IPC Home, Community and Health Care Settings Facilities

This document provides an overview of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies. It discusses basic information about COVID-19, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, standard precautions like hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, and strategies for prevention and control. The document is intended to help frontline workers understand their important role in breaking the chain of transmission and controlling the spread of the virus.

Uploaded by

Wiz Sam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COVID-19

Board Coaching Series


Topic #1

Basic Information
IPC Home, Community and Health Care
Settings Facilities
1. Basic information for covid-19 and IPC strategy
2. Precautions: Hand hygiene, physical distancing,
respiratory hygience
3. PPE
4. Case definitions and management
5. Home quarantine and isolation
6. administrative and environmental controls
7. cleaning and disinfection
8. Linen and waste management
9. Safe management of dead body

CONTENTS

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.


 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused
by a newly discovered coronavirus.

 Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience


mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring
special treatment. 

 Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like


cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and
cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.

BASIC INFORMATION FOR


COVID - 19

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.


Large group of viruses
 Envelope
 Genetic material
 Protein spikes

BASIC INFORMATION FOR


COVID - 19
Corona Virus different type causing illness in
animals and humans

Respiratory

Common cold

Severe disease

BASIC INFORMATION FOR


COVID - 19
Corona Virus Evolution

SARS - COV China 2003

MERS - COV Saudi Arabia 2012

SARS – COV2 China 2019

BASIC
INFORMATION
FOR COVID - 19
Where Did the Coronavirus Come From?

 Experts say SARS-CoV-2 originated in bats.


 That’s also how the coronaviruses behind Middle East
respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) got started.
 SARS-CoV-2 made the jump to humans at one of
Wuhan’s open-air “wet markets.” They’re where
customers buy fresh meat and fish, including animals that
are killed on the spot.

BASIC INFORMATION FOR


COVID - 19

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.


 Some wet markets sell wild or banned species
like cobras, wild boars, and raccoon dogs.
Crowded conditions can let viruses from
different animals swap genes.
 Sometimes the virus changes so much it can start
to infect and spread among people.

BASIC INFORMATION FOR


COVID - 19

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.


 Still, the Wuhan market didn’t sell bats at
the time of the outbreak.
 That’s why early suspicion also fell on
pangolins, also called scaly anteaters,
which are sold illegally in some markets in
China.

BASIC
INFORMATION FOR
COVID - 19
 Some coronaviruses that infect pangolins are similar to
SARS-CoV-2.

 As SARS-CoV-2 spread both inside and outside China, it


infected people who have had no direct contact with
animals.

BASIC INFORMATION FOR


COVID - 19

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.


 That meant the virus is transmitted from one human to
another. It’s now spreading in the U.S. and around the
globe, meaning that people are unwittingly catching and
passing on the coronavirus

 This growing worldwide transmission is what is now a


pandemic.

BASIC INFORMATION FOR


COVID - 19
80% recover without needing special treatment

Groups at Risk
 Older people
 Chronic respiratory disease
  
 Obesity
 Diabetes
 High blood pressure
 Heart disease
 cancer

BASIC INFORMATION FOR


COVID - 19
Reverse Transcriptase – Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Swab sample – sample preparation – RT PCR Processing
Results become available between 24 – 48 hours

Rapid Antibody-Based Tests (RATs)


Sample collection (blood) - addition of sample – awaiting results
Results become available in 15 minutes

DIAGNOSIS
NO SPECIFIC CLINICAL FEATURES

 Headache
 Sneezing
 Loss of taste and smell
 Cough
 Shortness of breath, breathing difficulties
 Diarrhea, vomiting
 Kidney failure
 Fever
 Chills
 Muscle pain

SYMPTOMS
ILLNESS SEEMS TO START WITH A FEVER, FOLLOWED
BY A DRY COUGH AND THEN, AFTER A WEEK,
LEADS TO SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND SOME
PATIENTS NEEDING HOSPITAL TREATMENT

SYMPTOMS
EARLY STAGE
May appear between 2 to 14 days after the
exposure to the virus
People with this symptoms or combinations
of symptoms may have:
 Cough
 Shortness of breath or difficulty of
breathing
Or at least two of these symptoms:
 Fever
 Chills
 Repeated shaking with chills
 Muscle pain
 Headache
 Sore throat
 New loss of taste and smell

SYMPTOMS

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.


ADVANCED STAGE
Requires immediate medical attention
Includes any of the following warning signs*
 Trouble breathing
 Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
 New confusion or ianbility to arouse
 Bluish lips to face

SYMPTOMS
*this list of emergency warning signs is not all inclusive. Please
consult the medical provider or supervisor for any other
symptoms that are severe or concerning to you

SYMPTOMS

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-ND.


Look for emergency warning signs* for COVID-19. If
someone is showing any of these signs, seek emergency
medical care immediately:
 Trouble breathing
 Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
 New confusion
 Inability to wake or stay awake
 Bluish lips or face (Cyanosis)

SYMPTOMS

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.


An infected person can infect 2-3 person

COVID-19 TRANSMISSION AND


INFECTION
COVID-19 TRANSMISSION AND
INFECTION
1. Droplet infection
- nose
- mouth

2. Contact infection via hands


- eye
- nose
- mouth

COVID-19
TRANSMISSION
AND INFECTION
Close spaces with insufficient ventilation

Conversations in short distance

Crowded condition with people

Ref. Government of Japan

3CS FOR COVID-19


3CS FOR COVID-19
SOURCE:HTTPS://WWW.BURLINGTONVT.
GOV/COVID-19/GUIDANCE
 Protecting yourself
 Protecting your patients
 Protecting your family and
community

INFECTION
PREVENTION AND
CONTROL (IPC)
Preventing Breaking

Preventing the Breaking the chain


virus transmission of transmission

YOU PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN


PURPOSE OF NEW
CORONAVIRUS MEASURES
(BASIC CONCEPT)
YOU PLAY A  Controlling the speed of the
increase in the number of
FRONTLINE patients
Strengthening the medical
ROLE IN:

response team
 Lowering the peak of the
infectious disease epidemic
STRATEGIES
 Early recognition and isolation to prevent spread
 Standard measures that apply in all community settings
 Specific IPC measures to observed per setting
 Complementary administrative, environmental and engineering
controls

INFECTION PREVENTION AND


CONTROL (IPC)
MAINTAINING
FOLLOWING HAND
RESPIRATORY HYGIENE
HYGIENE
OR COUGH ETIQUETTE

PROPERLY CLEANING
AND DISINFECTING
USING PPE
ENVIRONMENTAL
SURFACES

STANDARD IPC PRECAUTIONS


INCLUDE:
 Regular and thorough handwashing with soap
and water for at least 20 seconds is the most
effective preventive measure
 Alternative: Alcohol – based hand rub containing
at least 70% alcohol for at least 20 seconds
 Always wash your hands with soap and water
if your hands are visibly dirty

HAND HYGIENE

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.


Wash your hands before:
 Preparing food (and handling different food
products such as raw meat, poultry, fish)
 Eating food or helping to feed someone else
(child, disabled, elderly)
 Caring for someone at home who is sick
 Treating a cut or a wound
 Breastfeeding

WHEN TO PERFORM HAND


HYGIENE
Wash your hands before:
 Touching your face
 Touching your mask
 Entering and leaving a public
 Touching an item or surface that may be frequently
touched by other people, such as door handles, tables, gas
pumps, shopping carts, or electronic cashier
registers/screens

WHEN TO PERFORM HAND


HYGIENE

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.


Wash your hands after:
 Simple handling different food products such
as raw meat, poultry, fish
 Changing a diaper or cleaning up a child who
has used the toilet
 Using the toilet
 Blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing

WHEN TO PERFORM
HAND HYGIENE

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.


Wash your hands after:
 Treating a cut or a wound
 After handling your mask
 Entering and leaving a public place
 Touching an item or surface that may be frequently
touched by other people, such as door handles, tables, gas
pumps, shopping carts, or electronic cashier
registers/screens

WHEN TO PERFORM HAND


HYGIENE

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.


Wash your hands after:
 returning home or coming back indoors
 Touching an animal feed or animal waste
 Touching garbage
 Handling money

*Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with


unwashed hands.

WHEN TO PERFORM HAND


HYGIENE

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.


The guidance for the list of key times to wash hands was
developed based on data from a number of studies. There
can also be other times when it is important to wash hands.

WHEN TO PERFORM HAND


HYGIENE
HAND
WASHING
TECHNIQUE
3. Lather your hands by
2. Wet your hands with clean, rubbing them together with the
1. Follow these five steps every
running water (warm or cold), soap. Lather the backs of your
time.
turn off the tap, and apply soap. hands, between your fingers,
and under your nails.

4. Scrub your hands for at least


20 seconds. Need a timer? Hum 5. Rinse your hands well under 6. Dry your hands using a clean
the “Happy Birthday” song clean, running water. towel or air dry them.
from beginning to end twice.

HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE


 www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4F41N3A54UA

DOH: HAND WASHING


DEMONSTRATION 
WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/
WATCH?
V=QD1NQA0ZNMK

HOW TO CLEAN YOUR HANDS


USING ALCOHOL BASED HAND
SANITIZER
1. Before touching a patient
2. Before clean / aseptic
procedure
3. After body fluid exposure
risk
4. After touching a patient
5. After touching patient's
surroundings 
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

YOUR 5 MOMENTS FOR HAND


HYGIENE IN PHC FACILITIES
1. If water and soap or alcohol-based
YOUR 5 hand rub are not available, using
chlorinated water (0.05%) for
MOMENTS FOR handwashing is an option (last resort)
2. Functional hand hygiene facilities
HAND HYGIENE should be present for all health care
IN PHC FACILITIE workers at all points of care and in
areas where PPE is put on or taken off
S 3. Functional hand hygiene facilities
should be available within 5 meters of
toilets, as well as in waiting and dining
rooms and other public areas
 Keep more than 1 to 2 meters apart
Inside your home: Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
 If possible, maintain 6 feet between the person who is sick and
other household members.
Outside your home: Put 6 feet of distance between yourself and
people who don’t live in your household.
 Remember that some people without symptoms may be able to
spread virus.
 Stay at least 6 feet (about 2 arms’ length) from other people.
 Keeping distance from others is especially important for 
people who are at higher risk of getting very sick.

PHYSICAL
DISTANCING FOR
ALL
01 02 03
Avoid Stay Wear
• Avoid close contact • Stay home if you feel • Wear face mask (save
including kissing and unwell medical masks for
shaking hands frontliners)

PHYSICAL DISTANCING FOR


ALL

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.


 Avoid crowds

 Being in crowds like in restaurants, bars, fitness centers,


or movie theaters put you at higher risk for COVID-19.

PHYSICAL DISTANCING FOR


ALL

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.


PHYSICAL
Avoid poorly ventilated spaces
DISTANCING
FOR ALL

Avoid indoor spaces that do not


offer fresh air from the outdoors as
much as possible. If indoors, bring
in fresh air by opening windows and
doors, if possible.
RESPIRATORY
Cover Throw Wash
HYGIENE
Always cover your
mouth and nose with
Throw used
tissues in the trash.
Immediately wash
your hands with FOR
a tissue when you soap and water for at
cough or sneeze or
use the inside of
least 20 seconds. If
soap and water are
COUGHING
your elbow and do
not spit.
not readily
available, clean your PEOPLE
hands with a hand
sanitizer that
contains at least
60% alcohol.
RESPIRATORY
HYGIENE FOR
COUGHING PEOPLE
https://exeter.anglican.org/
Hand hygiene • Clean water
• Soap
• Alcohol hand rub (at least 70% solution)
Respiratory hygiene • Disposable tissue
• No-touch trash can
Personal protective equipment • Medical mask
• Gloves (for HCW providing care at home)
• Plastic apron (for cleaning with splash)
Cleaning equipment • Clean water
• Detergent soap
• Household disinfectant / bleach
• Portable containers (e.g. bottles, small buckets)
• Surface cleaning cloths
• Mops or floor cloths

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT HOME


Clean Clean AND disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily.
This includes tables, doorknobs, light switches,
AND countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets,
disinfect faucets, and sinks.
CLEAN
AND
If surfaces are dirty, clean them. Use detergent or soap and
DISINFECT
Clean water prior to disinfection.

Then, use a household disinfectant. Use products


from EPA’s List N: Disinfectants for Coronavirus
Use (COVID-19)external icon according to manufacturer’s
labeled directions.
 For mild symptoms, no comorbid and not
elderly: Home quarantine
- assess if conditions at home allow for
proper home quarantine (e.g. patient is able to
stay in a separate room, no high-risk individuals
in the same home)
 If home quarantine is not possible, contact local
health office to arrange for alternatives such as
community isolation units.

MANAGEMENT OF CONFIRMED,
SUSPECTED, AND PROBABLE
CASES

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.


 Patients with mild disease do not require
hospital interventions; but isolation is
necessary to contain virus transmission.
 Provide patient with mild COVID-19
with symptomatic treatment such as
antipyretics for fever.

MANAGEMENT OF
CONFIRMED,
SUSPECTED, AND
PROBABLE CASES

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.


If you feel sick you should Everyone should keep a It is normal to feel sad,
rest, drink plenty of fluid, and healthy lifestyle at home. stressed, or confused during a
eat nutritious food. Stay in a Maintain a healthy diet, sleep, crisis. Talking to people you
separate room from other stay active, and make social trust, such as friends and
family members, and use a contact with loved ones family, can help. If you feel
dedicated bathroom if through the phone or internet. overwhelmed, talk to a health
possible. Clean and disinfect Children need extra love and worker or counsellor.
frequently touched surfaces. attention from adults during
difficult times. Keep to
regular routines and schedules
as much as possible.

SELF CARE
References:
www.cdc.gov
www.doh.gov.ph
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
www.infectionpreventionandyou.org
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
www.webmd.com
www.who.int
Lectures from https://learn.doh.gov.ph/

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.


THANK YOU! :)

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