Program : MBA

Semester : III
Subject Code : QM0012
Book ID : B1242
Subject Name : Statistical Process Control and Process
Capability
Unit number :2
Unit Title : Quality Control Tools
Lecture Number :2
Lecture Title : Quality Control Tools

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 Unit-2 Quality Control Tools

Quality Control Tools

Objectives :

• To state the importance of Seven Basic Quality tools

• To describe the Basic Quality tools

• To discuss in brief, the new Quality tools in use

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Unit-2 Quality Control Tools

Lecture Outline

• Introduction
• The Seven Basic Quality Tools
• Cause and Effect Diagram
• Benefits of Ishikawa Diagram
• Check sheet
• When to use Check sheet
• Histogram
• Pareto chart
• Scatter diagram
• Stratification
• Control Charts
• New Quality Tools
• Check your Learning
• Activity

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 Unit-2 Quality Control Tools

Introduction

• The seven tools of Quality were originally assembled by Kaoru

Ishikawa for use with Quality Circles
• The combination of Seven Basic Tools of Quality is a designation
given to a fixed set of graphical techniques identified as being most
helpful in troubleshooting issues related to quality 

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The Seven Basic Quality Tools

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 Unit-2 Quality Control Tools

Cause and Effect Diagram

• Cause and Effect Diagram, also called as “fish bone diagram” or

“Ishikawa diagram”
• It shows relationships between events and is a useful analysis in
generating ideas and in identifying the root cause of problem

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Benefits of Ishikawa diagram

• Helps determine root causes

• Encourage group participation
• Uses an orderly and easy to read format
• Indicates possible causes of variation
• Increases process knowledge
• Identifies areas for collecting critical data
• Helps generate ideas

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Check Sheet

• A check sheet is a table or a form used to systematically register data

as it is collected
• It is a structured & prepared form for collecting and analysing data.
• It can be used to collect data in an organized manner and easily
convert it into readily useful information

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When to use check Sheet

• When data can be observed and collected repeatedly by the same

person or at the same location.
• When collecting data on the frequency or patterns of events,
problems, defects, defect location, defect causes, etc.
• Example Check sheet:

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Histogram

• Histogram is used to show graphically the relative number of

occurrences of a range of events.
• Using vertical bars, it plots frequency on the vertical axis against
the events, arranged one after the other

No. of No. of
defects Components
0-5 4

5 - 10 6

10 - 15 10

15 - 20 5

20 - 25 3

25 - 30 2

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 Unit-2 Quality Control Tools

Pareto Chart

• Pareto analysis gives recognition to the fact that, invariably, a small

number of problem types account for a large percentage of the total
number of problems that occur.
• Thus it is also called as “80/20” rule

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Scatter Diagram

• A scatter diagram is a tool for

analysing relationships between two
variables
• One variable is plotted on the
horizontal axis and the other is
plotted on the vertical axis.
• The pattern of their intersecting
points can graphically show
relationship patterns

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Stratification

• Stratification simply means splitting

the data into groups and plotting the
results on graphs
• Stratification is a technique used in
combination with other data analysis
tools

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Control Charts

• The control chart is a chart used to

study how a process changes over
time.
• The charts are made by plotting in
sequence the measured values of
samples taken from a process
• Data are plotted in time order
• A control chart always has a central
line for the average, an upper line
for the upper control limit and a
lower line for the lower control limit

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New Quality Tools

• Affinity Diagram
• Interrelationship Diagram
• Tree Diagram
• Matrix Diagram
• Arrow diagram
• Process Decision Program Chart

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Summary

• Basic Quality control tools and techniques are used for solving problems
related to quality and for continuous improvements
• Cause and Effect diagram, Check Sheet, Histogram, Pareto chart, Scatter
diagram, Stratification, Control Charts are the seven basic Quality Tools
• These seven tools of Quality were originally assembled by Kaoru Ishikawa
• There are new tools which serve the needs of management in planning
and implementation of quality improvement projects.
• The new tools are Affinity Diagram, Interrelationship Diagram, Tree
Diagram, Matrix Diagram, Arrow diagram and Process Decision Program
Chart.

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Check your Learning

1. What are the benefits of Cause and Effect Diagram?

Ans. The benefits of Cause and Effect Diagram are
• Helps determine root causes of problems
• Indicates possible causes of variation
• Increases process knowledge
• Identifies areas for collecting critical data
• Helps generate new ideas

2. What is Scatter diagram?

Ans.
A scatter diagram is a tool for analysing relationships between two variables

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Unit-2 Quality Control Tools

Activity

Find out which are the major Quality Control Tools used in your
Organization. Explain the reason for using that Quality Tool over others.

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