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Pile Foundations Tutorial

The document discusses pile foundations and provides examples of calculating the ultimate load capacity of single piles and pile groups driven into sand, gravel, and stiff clay soils. Design equations are presented for calculating the bearing capacity and skin friction resistance of piles, and the effects of group efficiency are considered. Sample calculations are shown to determine the ultimate load capacity of individual piles and pile groups.

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56 views15 pages

Pile Foundations Tutorial

The document discusses pile foundations and provides examples of calculating the ultimate load capacity of single piles and pile groups driven into sand, gravel, and stiff clay soils. Design equations are presented for calculating the bearing capacity and skin friction resistance of piles, and the effects of group efficiency are considered. Sample calculations are shown to determine the ultimate load capacity of individual piles and pile groups.

Uploaded by

obaid qureshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pile Foundations

Tutorial
Example 1
Borehole
Qu

N = 12 3m
Water
N = 16 table
Sand and
gravel soil N = 18 Dia = 250mm 18m
density
N = 17
1900kg/m3
N = 22

N = 28
N = 34
Problem
A 250mm diameter steel pile is driven
into sand and gravel to a depth of 18m.
Using the data shown in the diagram,
determine the allowable working load
the pile can carry assuming a factor of
safety of 2.5 on the ultimate load.
Bearing Capacity factor, Nq
100

600
Bearing capacity factor, Nq

300

100
65
30

10
25 30 35 40 45
Angle of shearing resistance (degrees)
Values of δ & Ks
Ks

Pile δ Loose soil Dense soil


Material (°)
Steel 20 0.5 1.0

Concrete 0.75φ’ 1.0 2.0

Timber 0.67φ’ 1.5 4.0


Relationship between N & φ’
N
Uniform
60
Fine sand
50
Sandy silt
40
Well
30 graded
sand &
20
gravel
10

0
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
φ’ (degrees)
Solution
Qb   v ' N q Ab
 v '  (1900 x 9.81/1000) x 18 - 15 x 9.81  188.4kPa
Average N value  (28  34)/2  31
  40 :
From chart N q  150
Ab  r 2   x 0.125 2  0.05m 2
Qb  188.4 x 150 x 0.05  1413kN
Cont’d
Above the water table :
Qs  As K s 'v tan 
As   x 0.25 x 3  2.36m 2
For steel pile in low density so il
K s  0.5
  20
 'v  (3/2 x 1900 x 9.81 )/1000  28kPa
Qs  2.36 x 0.5 x 28 x tan20   12kN
Cont’d
Below the water table :
Qs  As K s 'v tan 
As   x 0.25 x 15  11.8m 2
For steel pile in low density so il
K s  0.5
  20
 'v  ((3  15/2) x 1900 x 9.81 )/1000  15/2 x 9.81  122.1kPa
Qs  11.8 x 0.5 x 122.1 x tan20   262.2kN
Cont’d

Total Qs  12  262.2  274.2kN


Qu  1413  274.2  1687.2kN
Allowable working load :
1687.2/2.5  674.9kN
Example 2
8.6m

Stiff clay :
Average value of Cu at base  175kPa
8.6m Average value of Cu along shaft  105kPa
  0.45
Problem
A square group of piles (5 x 5).
The base of the cap is 1m below
ground level with the base of the piles
13m below ground level.
Pile diameter is 0.6m at 2m centres.
Compare individual & group ultimate
loads assuming an efficiency of 0.8.
Solution
Individual piles :
Qb  Cu N c Ab
Qb  175 x 9.0 x π x 0.3 2  445.3kN per pile
Qs  CuAs
Qs  105 x 0.45 x  x 0.6 x 12  1068.8kN per pile
Qup  445.3  1068.8  1514.1kN per pile
Cont’d

Group :
Qu  1514.1 x 25  37852.5kN  37.8MN
For an efficiency of 0.8 :
Qu  EnQup
Qu  0.8 x 25 x 1514.1  30282kN  30.3MN
Block Failure

Size of pile cap  4 x 2  0.6  8.6m square


Qu  2 D ( B  L)cu  1.3cb N c BL
Qu  2 x 12 x (8.6  8.6) x 105  1.3 x 175 x 9.0 x8.6 2
Qu  194777.1kN  194.8MN
Thus block failure should not occur

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