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Conditional Sentences: If Clauses

Conditional sentences express that the action in the main clause can only occur if a certain condition in the if clause is met. There are five types of conditional sentences: type zero expresses real possibilities, type one expresses future possibilities, type two expresses unreal/imaginary situations, type three expresses unfulfilled past situations, and mixed conditionals combine elements of types two and three. The document provides examples and structures for each type of conditional sentence.

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Rijan Shrestha
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102 views13 pages

Conditional Sentences: If Clauses

Conditional sentences express that the action in the main clause can only occur if a certain condition in the if clause is met. There are five types of conditional sentences: type zero expresses real possibilities, type one expresses future possibilities, type two expresses unreal/imaginary situations, type three expresses unfulfilled past situations, and mixed conditionals combine elements of types two and three. The document provides examples and structures for each type of conditional sentence.

Uploaded by

Rijan Shrestha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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07/13/2021

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
IF CLAUSES

T.SHRESTHA

1
Conditional Sentences are also known

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as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses.
They are used to express that the
action in the main clause (without if)
can only take place if a certain
condition (in the clause with if) is
fulfilled
2
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Conditional Sentences contain at least an
IF CLAUSE and a MAIN CLAUSE.
These sentences have the conditional
markers like: if , unless, provided that etc.
Put comma (,) between the two clauses if
you place ‘if clause’ in the beginning.

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Types:

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There are five types of conditional sentences:
1. Type Zero
2. Type One
3. Type Two
4. Type Three
5. Mixed conditional sentences

4
Type Zero: (REAL )

It always expresses real and possible situations. You

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may also say that one event shows the cause and the
other effect.
Eg. If you put some salt in water, it dissolves.
If you press the break of the car, it stops.
Plants die if you do not water them.

Structure: If+ simple present, simple


present
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Type One (REAL)

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It expresses possible future events which depend on other
future events.
Eg. If it rains, he won’t come.
He will succeed if he works hard.
Unless we pay the bill, they won’t feed us.
What will happen if he doesn’t work hard?

Structure: If + simple present, simple


future

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Note: Type one conditionals are also used to
give order or advice and to make suggestion

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or request.
Eg. If you want to win, play fair.
Study hard, if you want to pass the exam.
If you succeed, let me know.
Go to bed, if you feel sleepy.
If you need any help, meet me tomorrow.
Structure: If + simple present, imperative.

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Type Two (UNREAL/IMAGINARY
It expresses hypothetical, impossible or unlikely

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situations and events in the present or future.
Eg. If he worked hard, he would pass the exam.
If I were you, I would apply for the job.
If I had wings, I would fly in the sky.
His father would come if I invited him.
Structure: If + simple past,
would/could might+ v1

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Type Three (UNREAL/UNFULFILLED)

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It expresses regret or unfulfilled situation in the
past.

Eg. If you had asked him, he would have helped


you.
If you had given me a book, I would have
completed the task.
He might have looked more attractive if he had
shaved his beard off.
Structure: If + had + v3,
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would/could/might + have +v3
Conditionals Without ‘if’
• Eg. Unless she worked harder, she

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wouldn’t learn much.
• Eg. Provided that I were you, I would
behave well.
• Eg. Had he been to Pokhara, he would
have seen Fewa.
• Eg. Were I a bird, I would fly in the sky.
• Eg. Had he bought a ticket, he would have
got some prizes.
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MIXED CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(HYPOTHETICAL)

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Mixed conditional usually refers to a mixture of the
second and third conditionals (hypothetical
pattern). There are two types of mixed 
conditional sentence.

Mixed Type 1 Second/ Third Conditional


Mixed Type 2 Third/ Second Conditional
 

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TYPE ONE
 
This type of mixed conditional sentences expresses a general
condition with imaginary result in the past.

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Eg.
• If I spoke better English, I could have got the job.
• If you were strong, you wouldn’t have needed any help to lift
the weight.
• If he were so good, he would have won the match.

Structure:
If + 2nd conditional (( hypothetical general condition) +3rd
Conditional( imaginary result in the past)
OR
If + Past Simple, Perfect Conditional (would/wouldn’t +
have + Past Participle). 12
TYPE TWO
This type of mixed conditional expresses a hypothetical condition in
the past with an imaginary result in the present.
Eg.

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• If you had followed my advice, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
• If you hadn’t drunk, you wouldn’t have a hangover now.
• If I had not applied for job, I would be unemployed.

Structure:
If+3rd conditional ( sth that could have been different in the past;
regret or gratitude)+2nd Conditional (imaginary result in the present ;
positive or negative)
OR
If + Past Perfect, Present Conditional (would/wouldn’t + Verb
(base form)
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