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Introduction To Reneable Energy

This document provides an introduction to renewable energy sources. It discusses various types of renewable energy including hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, tidal power. For each type, it describes how it works, advantages and disadvantages. The importance of renewable energy is highlighted as providing energy security, environmental benefits, jobs and sustaining energy for future generations.

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MD. ASHRAFUL HAKIM KHAN SIDDIQUEE
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48 views

Introduction To Reneable Energy

This document provides an introduction to renewable energy sources. It discusses various types of renewable energy including hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, tidal power. For each type, it describes how it works, advantages and disadvantages. The importance of renewable energy is highlighted as providing energy security, environmental benefits, jobs and sustaining energy for future generations.

Uploaded by

MD. ASHRAFUL HAKIM KHAN SIDDIQUEE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Course Code: EEE 419

Introduction to Renewable
Energy

Imagination is more important than knowledge


– Albert Einstein
What is Renewable Energy ??

Renewable Energy Sources are defined as Fuels that can be


easily made or "renewed."

We can never use up renewable fuels.

2
Renewable Energy

Types of Renewable Energy:


Hydropower (water),
Solar,
Wind,
Geothermal, and
Biomass.

3
Renewable Energy

Present Energy Resources:


 Fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas are all of limited amounts. Can’t be
replaced.

 Nuclear fuels - limited amounts of uranium for nuclear fission


reactors but reprocessing of fuel possible.

Difficult to estimate how long these fuels will last - but is it sustainable
economically or environmentally?

4
Renewable Energy

Fig: Present renewable energy condition of World wide 


5
Renewable Energy

Fig: Present renewable energy condition of Bangladesh 


6
Hydro Energy

 What is it?

Hydropower, or hydro energy, is a form of renewable energy that


uses the water stored in dams, as well as flowing in rivers to create
electricity in hydropower plants.
Hydro Energy

 How it works?
 Like other forms of electricity generation, hydropower uses a
turbine to help generate electricity; using the energy of falling or
flowing water to turn the blades. 

 The rotating blades spin a generator that converts the mechanical


energy of the spinning turbine into electrical energy.
Hydro Energy

 Advantages
– Cheap to operate
• Long life and lower operating costs than all other power plants

– Renewable
– Lower energy cost than any other method
– Pretty plentiful
• Some countries depend almost entirely on it

– Not intermittent (if reservoir is large enough)


– Reservoirs have multiple uses
• Flood control, drinking water, aquaculture, recreation

– Less air pollution than fossil fuel combustion


Hydro Energy

 Disadvantages:
– Human population displacement
– Reduces availability of water downstream
– Ecosystem impacts
– Water pollution problems
– Decommissioning is a big problem
• The Size Issue
– Many (most) of the above problems are significantly worse for larger
dams
– However, small dams have shorter lifetimes, less capacity, and are
more intermittent
Biomass Energy
 What is it?
– Biomass energy is the use of living and recently dead biological
material as an energy source
– Ultimately dependent on the capture of solar energy and
conversion to a chemical (carbohydrate) fuel
– Theoretically it is a carbon neutral and renewable source of
energy
Biomass Energy
 How it works?
– Traditional: forest management, using wood as
fuel
– Use of biodegradable waste
• Examples: manure, crop residue, sewage, municipal solid waste

– Recent interest in agricultural production of


energy crops
• Should be high yield and low maintenance
• Examples: corn, sugarcane, hemp, willow, palm oil, and many others
• Does not have to be a food crop

– Production of a liquid or gaseous biofuel


• Biogas due to the breakdown of biomass in the absence of O2
– Includes capture of landfill methane
Biomass Energy

 Advantages
– Versatile
– Renewable
– No net CO2 emissions (ideally)
– Emits less SO2 and NOx than fossil fuels
Biomass Energy

 Disadvantages
– Low energy density/yield
– Land conversion
• Possible decrease in agricultural food productivity

– Usual problems associated with intensive agriculture


• Soil depletion
• Soil erosion
• Other water pollution problems
Geothermal Energy
 How it works
– A geothermal power plant works by tapping into steam
or hot water reservoirs underground; the heat is used to drive
an electrical generator.
Geothermal Energy

 Advantages
– Renewable
– Easy to exploit in some cases
– CO2 production less than with fossil fuels
– High net energy yield
Geothermal Energy

 Disadvantages
– Not available everywhere
– H2S pollution
– Produces some water pollution (somewhat similar
to mining)
Solar Energy
 How it works
– Solar power plants
• Steam produced to turn turbine
– Solar heating
• Active and passive systems
– Photovoltaic cells
• “Solar batteries” use special semiconductors
Solar Energy

 Advantages
– Renewable and free

– High energy yield


– A very clean source of energy
• No air/water pollution during operation

– Low operating costs


• Will pay for themselves over time
Solar Energy

 Disadvantages
– Intermittent source
• Energy storage issues
– Low energy density
• Requires pretty much land
Wind Energy

• How it works?
– Wind turbines directly generate electricity
– Quite efficient (not a heat engine)
Wind Energy
 Advantages
– High net energy yield
– Renewable and free
– Very clean source of energy
• No pollution (air or water) during operation

– Long operating life


– Low operating/maintenance costs
– Can be quickly built; not too expensive
– Now almost competitive with hydro and fossil fuels
– Land can be used for other purposes
• Can combine wind and agricultural farms
Wind Energy

 Disadvantages
– Energy storage issues
• An intermittent source of energy; need backup (eg stored energy) for low-
wind days
• Or must be connected to the electrical grid

– Only practical in areas that are windy enough


– Danger to birds
• New (slow turning) designs largely eliminate this problem

– Low energy density of wind


• Must use large areas of land
Tidal Power
 Tidal Power
 Tidal power is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of
tides into electrical power.
 As tides are more predictable than wind and sunlight, tidal energy
can easily be generated from the changing sea levels.
Tidal Power

 Advantage
 Renewable
 Green. Tidal power is an environmentally friendly energy
source.
 It’s highly predictable
 Long Life spans
Tidal Power

 Disadvantage
 Expensive
Renewable Energy

 Importance of Renewable Energy:

 Energy security
 Environmental Benefits
 Jobs and the Economy
 Energy for Generations

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