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Academia "Ateneo" La Rioja: Reported Speech

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Germán Darío de la Vega
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26 views

Academia "Ateneo" La Rioja: Reported Speech

Uploaded by

Germán Darío de la Vega
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Academia “Ateneo” La

Rioja

REPORTED SPEECH

Técnicas de Lecto-comprensión en Inglés


USO
 El estilo indirecto (REPORTED SPEECH) lo
utilizamos para contar lo que una persona ha dicho
pero sin citar exactamente sus palabras.

 EJEMPLOS:
 DIRECT STYLE:
Tom said: “We are going to the cinema this afternoon.”

 REPORTED SPEECH:
Tom said that they were going to the cinema that afternoon.
CAMBIOS A REALIZAR
Cuando pasamos una oración de estilo directo a
indirecto tenemos que tener en cuenta una
serie de cambios que tendremos que realizar:
1. Tiempos verbales
2. Expresiones temporales y de lugar
3. Pronombres, (utilizando la lógica)

EXAMPLE
DIRECT: Tom said: “We are going to visit Ann tomorrow”
REPORTED: Tom said that they were going to visit Ann the
following day
CAMBIOS EN LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES
DIRECT SPEECH---------------------------- REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT-------------------------------------------------------------PAST
We study She said that they studied
We are studying She said that they were studying

PAST-----------------------------------------------------PAST PERFECT
We studied She said that they had studied
We were studying She said that they had been studying

FUTURE---------------------------------------------------
CONDITIONAL
We will study She said that they would study
TIEMPOS VERBALES
TENSE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE We eat healthy food She said that they ate healthy food
PRESENT We are eating healthy She said that they were eating healthy
CONTINUOUS food food
PRESENT PERFECT We have eaten healthy She said that they had eaten healthy
SIMPLE food food
PRESENT PERFECT We have been eating She said that they had been eating
CONTINUOUS healthy food healthy food
She said that they had eaten healthy
PAST SIMPLE We ate healthy food
food
We were eating healthy She said that they had been eating
PAST CONTINUOUS
food healthy food
PAST PERFECT We had eaten healthy She said that they had eaten healthy
SIMPLE food food
PAST PERFECT We had been eating She said that they had been eating
CONTINUOUS healthy food healthy food
She said that they would eat healthy
FUTURE SIMPLE We will eat healthy food
food
CAMBIOS EN LOS MODALES
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

CAN COULD

MAY MIGHT

MUST / HAVE TO MUST / HAD TO

WILL WOULD
CAMBIOS EXPRESIONES
TEMPORALES Y DE LUGAR
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
Yesterday The previous day / the day before
Last week The previous week / the week before
A __________ ago The previous ______ / the _____ before
Tomorrow The following day / the day after / the next day
Next ___________ The following ________ / the _______ after
Here There
This That
These Those
Reported statements
 Al hacer una frase en afirmativa o
negativa, se han de tener en cuenta los
cambios antes mencionados y hacerlos.
 Podemos utilizar la palabra “that” para
introducir la frase en estilo indirecto. 'That'
se puede omitir:
She told him that she was happy.
She told him she was happy.
 No usamos las comillas.
 Pondremos quien dijo la frase seguido de
los verbos SAY o TELL en pasado. La
diferencia entre ellos es que después de
tell tenemos que decir la persona a quien
se lo dijo.

D.S.: Peter said, “Ann, I’m very ill.”


R.S.: Peter told Ann that he was very ill.
Reported questions
 Seguimos manteniendo los cambios que
mencionabamos al principio:
 Tiempo verbal
 Expresiones temporales y de lugar
 Pronombres personales

 En las “REPORTED QUESTIONS” ya no utilizamos


partícula interrogativa. La frase adquiere la forma de una
afirmativa:
Sujeto + verbo + complemento

Tom asked: “Are you coming to the party tonight, jane?”


Tom asked Ann if she was coming to the party that night.
Ahora tenemos que prestar atención al tipo de
pregunta que es:
1. YES/NO QUESTIONS
IF / WHETHER + SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO
Peter asked : "Do you play football?"
Peter asked me whether (if) I played football.

2. QUESTION WITH QUESTION WORDS:


PARTÍCULA INTERROGATIVA + SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO
Peter asked: "When do you play football?"
Peter asked me when I played football.
Reported commands
 Hay que seguir manteniendo los cambios de
expresiones de lugar y tiempo y pronombres personales
 El tiempo verbal cambia de IMPERATIVO (en D.S.) a
INFINITIVO (en R.S).
 La estructura normalmente va a ser la siguiente
tell + to (not to) + infinitive

Affirmative commands Negative commands

D.S: Father: "Do your homework!“ D.S: Teacher. "Don't talk to your mate!"

R.S: Father told me to do my R.S: The teacher told me not to talk to


homework. my mate.
ORDERS, REQUESTS, SUGGESTIONS
Cuando queremos cambiar a estilo indirecto una orden o petición , usamos:
TELL + somebody + infinitive
EXAMPLE:
The doctor said to me, "Stop smoking!".
The doctor told me to stop smoking.
También podemos usar:
ORDER (ordenar)
"Get out of the car!" said the policeman.
The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.
ASK (Pedir)
"Could you please be quiet," she said.
She asked me to be quiet.
WARN (advertir)
The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!"
The man with the gun warned us not to move.
Otros verbos que utilizamos en estos casos son:
INVITE (Invitar), BEG (Suplicar), FORBID (Prohibir)
Petición de objetos: Utilizamos la formula
ask + for + object:

a. "Can I have an apple?", she asked.


She asked for an apple.

b. "Can I have the newspaper, please?"


He asked for the newspaper.
Sugerencias: normalmente utilizamos that-clause. 'That' y
'should' son opcionales en estos casos:
She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?"
She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car.
She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.

Otros verbos que podemos utilizar son:


Insist
"It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother.
My mother insisted that I see the dentist
Recommend
The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush".
The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.

Notes:
Suggest puede ir también seguido de gerundio:
I suggested postponing the visit to the dentist.
HOPES, INTENTIONS, PROMISES
Cuando cambiamos a estilo indirecto una intención, esperanza, o promesa
usamos un “reporting verb” adecuado a este significado, seguido that-
clause o to-infinitive:
"I'll pay you the money tomorrow."
He promised to pay me the money the next day.
He promised that he would pay me the money the next day.

Otros verbos que utilizan esta estructura son:


Hope (Tener esperanza)
"We should arrive in London before nightfall."
They hoped to arrive in London before nightfall.
They hoped they would arrive in London before nightfall.
Threaten (Amenazar)
"Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you!"
He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to
the safe.
Swear (Jurar)
"I swear it! I'll be back by lunchtime."
He sweared to be back by lunchtime.
He sweared that he would be back by lunchtime.
REPORTING VERBS
 Son verbos que vamos a utilizar en estilo
indirecto a parte de SAY y TELL. Algunos ya los
hemos visto anteriormente.
 Estos verbos dan información extra de lo que
estamos hablando y la mayoría de las veces nos
sirven para hacer el cambio a estilo indirecto de
manera más libre.
 He denied doing it.
 Vamos a dividir los “reporting verbs” según el
tipo de oración que va a ir tras ellos.
Tipos de REPORTING VERBS (Algunos pueden estar en más de un
grupo)

Verbos seguidos de una condicional: IF / WHETHER + frase:


 ASK (preguntar)
 REMEMBER (recordar)
 SAY (decir)

Verbos seguidos de THAT + frase:


 ANSWER (responder)
 BOAST (alardear / presumir)
 COMPLAIN (protestar)
 DENY (negar)
 REPLY (responder)
 SAY (decir)
 SUGGEST (sugerir)
 TELL (contar)
 WARN (advertir)
Verbo seguido de THAT + frase o infinitivo:
 CLAIM (reclamar)
 PROMISE (prometer)
 THREATEN (amenazar)

Verbos seguidos de THAT+ frase conteniendo should


 ADVISE (aconsejar)
 BEG (suplicar)
 DEMAND (demandar)
 RECOMMEND (recomendar)
 SUGGEST

Verbos seguidos de complemento + infinitivo


 ADVISE
 ASK
 BEG
 INVITE (invitar)
 ORDER (ordenar)
 SHOUT (gritar)
 WARN

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