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Hybrid Electric Vehicle: A Presentation by P.Bhargav 16011D4306 M.Tech - PE

This document discusses hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It explains that HEVs combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and battery to provide propulsion. There are three main HEV architectures: series, parallel, and power split. The document outlines the operating modes and advantages/disadvantages of each architecture. It also covers energy management strategies in HEVs and notes advantages like improved fuel economy and reduced emissions compared to conventional vehicles. Key concerns with HEVs include higher initial costs and reliability issues with additional electric components.

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chandra 798
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241 views22 pages

Hybrid Electric Vehicle: A Presentation by P.Bhargav 16011D4306 M.Tech - PE

This document discusses hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It explains that HEVs combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and battery to provide propulsion. There are three main HEV architectures: series, parallel, and power split. The document outlines the operating modes and advantages/disadvantages of each architecture. It also covers energy management strategies in HEVs and notes advantages like improved fuel economy and reduced emissions compared to conventional vehicles. Key concerns with HEVs include higher initial costs and reliability issues with additional electric components.

Uploaded by

chandra 798
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

A Presentation by
P.BHARGAV
16011D4306
M.Tech - PE
CONTENTS
• Conventional vehicles

• Electric vehicle

• Hybrid Electric Vehicle

• Architectures of HEV

• Energy Management in HEV

• Advantages of HEV

• Key Concerns of HEV

• Commercial Models
CONVENTIONAL VEHICLES

A conventional vehicle runs with sole propulsion of

ICE or Diesel Engine

• Over dependence on Petrol/Diesel

• Rise in prices of petrol/diesel

• Carbon emission – results in Global Warming

• Noise Pollution
ELCTRIC VEHICLE

• A Vehicle in which Electric motors are used for the

propulsion

• Powered by a battery or a generator to convert fuel

into electricity

• Eco-friendly

• Low maintenance
BUT..
ELECTRICAL VEHICLE IS NOT RECOMMENDED

• High Initial Cost


• Short Driving Range – Range Anxiety
• Slow Speeds
• Recharging takes longer time
• Lack of charging Infrastructure
• Battery pack takes space and increases weight
of the vehicle
• Grid Load
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

HEV - Combines a conventional Internal Combustion


Engine(ICE) Propulsion System with Electric Propulsion
System
ARCHITECTURES OF HEV

• SERIES HEV : Sole propulsion by Electric Motor,


run by on-board energy source

• PARALLEL HEV : Multiple Propulsion Sources


can be combined or drive the vehicle with one
of the energy sources alone

• POWER SPLIT HEV : can work either as a Series


HEV or as a Parallel HEV
ARCHITECTURES OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Schematic Diagram of Series System


SERIES ARCHITECTURE
MODES OF OPERATION

• Battery alone mode : Engine is OFF,


vehicle is powered by motor only
• Engine alone mode : power from
ICE/Generator only
• Combined mode :power from both
ICE/Generator and Battery to the
motor
• Power Split mode : ICE/Generator
power splits to drive the vehicle and
charge the battery
• Stationary charging mode
• Regenerative braking mode
Advantages of Series Architecture

• ICE operation can be optimised and ICE itself can be


redesigned to satisfy the needs
• Size of Engine can be reduced
• High speed engine can be designed
• Single gear box. No transmission is needed
• Simple control strategy

Disadvantages of Series Architecture

• Energy conversion takes place twice(ICE/G then motor) and


battery
• Additional weight due to increased components
• ICE, Generator, Motor are full sized to meet the vehicle
performance needs
ARCHITECTURES OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Schematic Diagram of Parallel System


PARALLEL ARCHITECTURE

MODES OF OPERATION

• Motor alone mode : Engine is OFF,


vehicle is powered by motor only
• Engine alone mode :ICE drives the
vehicle alone
• Combined mode : Both ICE and
motor provide power to drive the
vehicle
• Power split mode : ICE power splits
to drive the vehicle and charge the
battery
• Stationary charging mode
• Regenerative braking mode
Advantages of Parallel Architecture
• ICE operation can be optimised with motor or share the power
from the ICE
• Reduced engine size
• Flexible in configurations and gives room for optimisation of
fuel economy and emissions

Disadvantages of Parallel Architecture


• Complicated control strategy
• Complex transmission
POWER SPLIT ARCHITECTURE
ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN A HYBRID
VEHICLE
MODES OF RUNNING

• AT STARTING : only Electric Motor runs

• FULL ACCELERATION : ICE Power and Battery Power

• CRUISING : ICE Power and Battery charging

• DECELERATION AND BRAKING : Kinetic energy

recuperation for battery charging


ADVANTAGES OF HYBRID ELECRIC
VEHICLE
Optimizes the fuel economy
• Optimises the operating point of ICE
• Stop the ICE if not needed(ultra low speed)
• Recovers the kinetic energy at braking
• Reduced size (hp and volume) of ICE

Reduction in emissions
• Minimises the emissions when ICE is optimised in
operation
• Stop the ICE when it is not needed
• Reduced size of ICE i.e., less emissions
and…
Quiet operation
• Ultra low noise at low speeds
• Quiet motor, motor is stopped when vehicle comes to a
stationary position, with engine already stopped
• Reduced maintenance because ICE operation is
optimised, less hazardous material, fewer tune ups,
longer life cycle of ICE
• Fewer spark-plug changes
• Fewer oil changes
• Fewer fuel filters, antifreeze, radiator flushes or water
pumps
• Fewer exhaust repairs or muffler changes
Key Concerns of HEV

• High initial cost – Increased components such as

battery, electric machines, motor controller, etc

• Reliability concern – Increased components,

especially power system, electronics, sensors

• Warranty issues – Issues on major electric

components

• Safety – High voltage system is employed in HEV


Commercial Models

• Toyota Prius

• Toyota Highlander

• Ford Escape

• Mercury Mariner

• Honda Insight

• Honda Civic HEV

• Honda Accord HEV


CONCLUSION

• Using HEV results in better efficiency and saves a large

amount of fuel in our fuel-deficit nation

• Research and development is in progress to promise a

efficient, low pollution vehicle for the coming era

• As a responsible citizen of the nation, one should go for

low pollution vehicles

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