Government Tool Room And Training Centre

Subject : Gauges and Measurement

Presentation on

ANGULAR
MEASUREMENT
Presented by
Dollar
1st year M tech
GT&TC

DATE: 22/04/2021
TIME : 10:30 AM
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Comparison between linear and angular measurement
• Angle measuring instrument
• Sine bar
• Use of sine bar
• Advantages and disadvantages of sin bar
• Sine centre
• Angle gauges
 INTRODUCTION
• The angle is defined as the opening between two lines which meet at a point.

• Circle is divided into 360 parts, each part is called a degree ( º).

• Each degree is divided in 60 minutes ( ') and each minute into 60 Seconds ( “).

• Unit of angle derived from theoretical considerations is the radian, defined as the
angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an are length equal to radius of circle.

The general formula for converting from degrees to radians is to simply multiply the number of degree by Π /180°.
The general formula for converting from radians to degrees to simply multiply the number of degree by 180°/(Π)
 Comparison between linear and angular
measurements
Linear measurement
• linear measurement is the determination of the physical length (in inches, or
centimeters, or some other linear unit) of a line, which may be either straight or
curved.
Angular measurement
• Angular measurement is the determination of the angle, in degrees or radians or
some similar unit, between two directions. 
 ANGLE MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
 Line Standard Angular Measuring Devices
Protractors
Universal Bevel Protractors
 Face Standard Angular Measuring Devices
Sine bar
Sine Center
 Measurement of Inclines
Spirit Level
Clinometer
 Angle Comparators
Autocollimators
 SINE BAR
• Sine bars are made from high carbon, high chromium, corrosion resistant steels
which can be hardened, ground and stabilised.
• Two cylinders of equal diameter are attached at the ends. The axes of these two
cylinders are mutually parallel to each other and also parallel to and at equal
distance from the upper surface of the sine bar.
• The distance between the axes of the two cylinders will be 100, 200 & 300mm in
metric system.
 •
PRINCIPLE OF SINE BAR
In general sine bar is used in conjunction with slip gauges and surface plate. The
principle of operation of the sine bars relies upon the application of trigonometry.
• In the right angled triangle ABC as shown in below figure the ratio of the length
BC to that of hypotenuse AB is referred to as the sine of the angle

 •
The sine bar is placed on a surface plate with slip gauges of the required
height(H) under on roller and opposite to the angle and =
 USE OF SINE BAR
 
1. Measuring known angles or locating any work to a given angle
• The surface plate is assumed to be having a perfectly flat surface.
• One roller of the sine bar is placed on the surface plate and the other roller is
placed on the slip gauges of height H and sin bar is set at an angle .
• Then sin = where L is the distance between rollers.
• Thus knowing , H can be found out and any work can be set at this angle as thee
top face of sine bar is inclined at angle to the surface plate.
 USE OF SINE BAR
 
2. Checking of unknown angles of small components
• When an angle of a component to be checked is unknown. It is necessary to first
find the angle approximately with the help of a bevel protractor. I the angle is
then the sine bar is set at an angle plate
• A dial indicator is set at one end of the work and moved to the other end and the
deviation is noted
 •
If deviation noted down by the dial indicator is
over the length of work, then height of slip
gauges by which it should be adjusted is equal
to
 USE OF SINE BAR
3. Checking of unknown angles of heavy component.
• When components are heavy and can’t be mounted on the sine bar, then sine bar is mounted on
the component as shown in figure
• The height of the rollers can be measured by a Vernier height gauge using dial gauge mounted
on the anvil of the height gauge with fiducial indicator to ensure constant measuring pressure
• Figure shows the use of height gauge for obtaining two readings over the two rollers of the sine
bar
• The difference in the two readings of height gauge divided by the centre distance of sine bar
gives sine angle
Advantages of sine bar
• It is precise and accurate angle measuring device.
• It is simple in design and construction.
• It is easily available

Disadvantages
• It is fairly reliable at angles less than 15 but become increasingly inaccurate as
the angle increases. It is impractical to use sine bar for angle above 45 .
• It is difficult to handle and position the slip gauges.
• The sine bar is physically clumsy to hold in position.
• The application is limited for a fixed center distance between two rollers.
• Slight errors of the sine bar cause larger angular errors
 SINE CENTRE
• Sine center is basically a sine bar with block holding centers which can be
adjusted and rigidly clamped in any position. used for the testing of conical
work, centered at each end as shown.
• Extremely useful since the alignment accuracy of the centers ensures that the
correct line of measurement is made along the workpiece.
• The centers can also be adjusted depending on the length of the conical work
piece, to be hold between centers.
 ANGLE GAUGES
• Angle gauges are made of hardened steel and seasoned carefully to ensure
permanence of angular accuracy, and the measuring faces are lapped and polished
to a high degree of accuracy and flatness like slip gauges.
 ANGLE GAUGES
• Like linear gauge blocks, angle gauge blocks can also be wrung together to build
up a desired angle.
• In addition, they can also be subtracted to form a smaller angle as a difference
of two larger angles as shown in Figure.
• The plus and minus ends of each block are marked.
THANK YOU