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Basic Calculus: Quarter 3 Week 6

This document discusses key concepts in calculus including: 1. The Extreme Value Theorem which states that continuous functions on closed bounded intervals attain their maximum and minimum values. 2. How to find the critical points of a function by taking the derivative and setting it equal to zero. 3. Solving optimization problems using calculus by writing a function for the quantity to be optimized, taking its derivative, and setting it equal to zero to find critical points. Three examples of optimization problems are presented and solved including finding the dimensions of a box to hold the maximum volume and the dimensions of a rectangular pen and hog sty to optimize their areas.

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Reynaldo Collado
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291 views25 pages

Basic Calculus: Quarter 3 Week 6

This document discusses key concepts in calculus including: 1. The Extreme Value Theorem which states that continuous functions on closed bounded intervals attain their maximum and minimum values. 2. How to find the critical points of a function by taking the derivative and setting it equal to zero. 3. Solving optimization problems using calculus by writing a function for the quantity to be optimized, taking its derivative, and setting it equal to zero to find critical points. Three examples of optimization problems are presented and solved including finding the dimensions of a box to hold the maximum volume and the dimensions of a rectangular pen and hog sty to optimize their areas.

Uploaded by

Reynaldo Collado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Calculus

Quarter 3 Week 6
Basic Calculus
Quarter 3 Week 6
REYNALDO C. COLLADO JR. – HHIS Teacher
OBJECTIVES

At the end of the learning episode, you are


expected to:
1. Illustrate the Extreme Value Theorem.
2. Solve optimization problems that yield
polynomial functions.
EXTREME VALUE THEOREM

Let f be a function which is continuous on a closed


and bounded interval [ a, b ]. Then the extreme values
( maximum and minimum ) of f always exist, and they
occur either at the endpoints or at the critical points of f.
We say that an extremum of f occurs at x if either the
maximum or the minimum occurs at x.

The function f must be continuous on an interval that is closed and bounded.


CRITICAL POINTS OF A FUNCTION

To find the critical points of a function, we differentiate f and find all


values of x such that f ‘ ( x ) becomes zero or undefined. Let us take this
example :
•Find
  the critical point/s of the function
EXTREME VALUE THEOREM

 
If defined on R has a
minimum point at the
ORIGIN but has no
maximum point.
EXTREME VALUE THEOREM

The function f ( x ) = │x │ if x
є [ –1, 0 ) ∪ ( 0, 1 ] and if x = 0.
Even if f is defined on the closed
and bounded interval [ –1, 1], the
function is not continuous there.
So, the conclusion fails. As we see
from the graph, f has a maximum
occurring at x = –1, 0, 1 but does
not possess a minimum because
the value 0 is not attained.
HOW TO FIND MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM
VALUES OF A CONTINUOUS FUNCTION?
To find the maximum or minimum values or points of a continuous
function on a given interval we may consider the following steps :

 Find the derivative of the given function and then let f ‘ ( x ) = 0.


 The values of x when f ‘ ( x ) = 0 are the critical points of the
function.
 Get the functional values at the endpoints and at the critical points.
 Compare the values. The highest one is the maximum value while
the lowest one is the minimum value.
EXAMPLE 1

Find the extrema of the function f( x ) = 15x + x 3 – 20 –


9x2 on the interval [ –1, 1 ]
EXAMPLE 1

Find the extrema of the function f( x ) = 15x + x 3 – 20 –


9x2 on the interval [ –1, 1 ]
EXAMPLE 2

Find the extrema of the function f ( x ) = x – 3on the


 

interval [ –1, 1 ]
EXAMPLE 2

Find the extrema of the function f ( x ) = x – 3on the


 

interval [ –1, 1 ]
EXAMPLE 3

Find the extrema of the function f ( x ) = – x + x 2 on the


interval [ –1, 1 ]
EXAMPLE 3

Find the extrema of the function f ( x ) = – x + x 2 on the


interval [ –1, 1 ]
SOLVING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

One major application of calculus and considered as


one of the most practical types of problems is in
optimization, where we are considering a quantity. To
“optimize" something means that we want to maximize
or minimize the quantity. Suppose there is a certain
quantity we are interested about which could be an
amount of money, length of a fence, an angle, shipping
cost, or one of loads of other possibilities.
SOLVING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

STEPS IN SOLVING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS


1. Read and understand the problem.
2. Draw a diagram, if applicable.
3. Write down formulas and given information.
4. Write a function for what is to be optimized.
5. Set the derivative of the function equal to zero and
solve.
Example 1. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Ramon wants to make an open–top box which is to be


made by cutting small congruent squares from the
corners of a 18 inches by 18 inches metal sheet and
bending up the sides. How large should the squares cut
from the corners be to make the box hold as much as
possible?
Example 1. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Ramon wants to make an


open–top box which is
to be made by cutting
small congruent squares
from the corners of a 18
inches by 18 inches
metal sheet and bending
up the sides. How large
should the squares cut
from the corners be to
make the box hold as
much as possible?
Example 1. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

A farmer wants to build a rectangular pen adjacent to a


horse barn. The pen must be 2,700 square feet in area.
Because of the need to prepare the land, the side
parallel to the barn will cost one and a half times as
much per foot to build as the two sides perpendicular to
the barn. What dimensions will produce a 2700-square-
foot pen for the lowest cost?
Example 2. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Using a 400 feet of fencing materials, a hog raiser


wants to build a sty that is divided into three equal
rectangles. What length and width will maximize the
area?
Example 3. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

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