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An Overview of EMI EMC

This document provides an overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). It defines EMI as an electromagnetic disturbance that can degrade or cause malfunctions in equipment, and defines EMC as a state where devices function satisfactorily in a common electromagnetic environment without causing intolerable disturbances. It discusses common sources and victims of EMI, effects of EMI, radiated and conducted emissions and susceptibilities, methods to prevent EMI including suppressing emissions and reducing susceptibility, and common EMC standards.

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Vivek Shinde
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198 views16 pages

An Overview of EMI EMC

This document provides an overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). It defines EMI as an electromagnetic disturbance that can degrade or cause malfunctions in equipment, and defines EMC as a state where devices function satisfactorily in a common electromagnetic environment without causing intolerable disturbances. It discusses common sources and victims of EMI, effects of EMI, radiated and conducted emissions and susceptibilities, methods to prevent EMI including suppressing emissions and reducing susceptibility, and common EMC standards.

Uploaded by

Vivek Shinde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DHOLE PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

An Overview of EMI-EMC
-Vivek Shinde
What is EMI and EMC ?

 An electromagnetic disturbance which may degrade the


performance of an equipment (device, system or sub-system) or
causes malfunction of the equipment, is called electromagnetic
interference (EMI).

 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a near perfect state in


which a receptor ( device , system or subsystem) functions
satisfactorily in common electromagnetic environment, without
introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbance to any other
devices / equipments / system in that environment.
Basic elements of EMI situations

 Interference occurs if the received energy causes the receptor to


function in unwanted manner.
 Whether the receiver is functioning in wanted or unwanted
manner, depends on the coupling path as well as the source and
victim.
 The coupling path is to be made as inefficient as possible
Causes of EMI
Sources
 Refrigerator, washing machine, electric motors.
 Arc welding machine.
 Electric shavers, AC, computers.
 Fast switching digital devices, ICs.
 Power cords of computers, UPS etc.
 Air craft navigation and military equipments
Victims
 Communication receivers.
 Microprocessors, computers.
 Industrial controls.
 Medical devices.
 House hold appliances.
 Living beings.
Effects of EMI
 Momentary disturbance in TV and radio reception due to operation
of mixer-grinder / electric shavers / a passing vehicle etc.
 Reset of computers and loss of data.
 Burn out of sensitive cells / components.
 Change of setting of status of control equipments.
 Failure of pace maker implanted in a patient due to a
‘walkietalkie’.
 False initiation of electro explosive detonator.
 Malfunctioning of flight controlling system due to use of laptop by
passenger.
 Biological hazards.
Radiated Emission and Susceptibility
Conducted Emission and Susceptibility
Purpose and Methodology for EMC
System
A system is said to be electro magnetically compatible if :-
 It doesn't cause interference with other system .
 It is not susceptible to emissions from other systems.
 It doesn’t cause interference with itself.

The methodologies to prevent EMI are:


 Suppress the emissions at source point, best method to control EMI
 Make the coupling path as inefficient as possible.
 Make the receiver less susceptible to emission.
Common and Differential Mode Noise

 CM : Interference signal in two lines are unidirectional and return


through ground.
 DM : Interference signal in two lines are oppositely directed and
thus no ground current path is required.
EMI control techniques at source
Important techniques to control EMI at source point are
 Proper Grounding–single point, multi point or hybrid grounding
depending upon the frequency of operation.
 Shielding –Metal barrier is used to suppress coupling of radiated EM
energy into the equipment.
 EMI Filtering-used to suppress conducted interference on power,
signal and control lines.
 PCB layout –Proper PCB design from the early design stage is
required.
Method of noise coupling
Typical modes of noise coupling are:
 Conductive coupling through cables.
 Coupling through common impedance.
 Coupling by radiated E and H field.
 Ground loop coupling.
Objectives of EMC Standards
 EM spectrum protection.
 Adequate power quality.
 Compatibility between collocated electrical and electronic systems
for trouble free operation.
Standards setting Institutions
 DOD -Department of Defence(USA)-Immunity and Emission MIL standards
 IEC -International Electro technical Commission (EU) Immunity standards
 CISPR -International Special Committee on Radio Interference Operating
under IEC-Emission Standards.
 FCC -Federal Communication Commission ( EU )- Emission standards.
 BSI -British Standard Institution ( UK )- Emission standards.
 VDE -Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker (Germany)- Emission standards.
Important Emission Standards
 CISPR 11 : Industrial, Scientific and Medical equipments
 CISPR 12 : Automobiles
 CISPR 13: Audio visual and similar apparatus
 CISPR 14: Household and similar electrical appliances
 CISPR 15: Electrical Lighting and similar equipments
 CISPR 22: Information Technology equipments
 FCC Part 15 : Radio Frequency Devices
 FCC Part 18 : Industrial, Scientific and Medical equipments
 IEC 61000-3-2 : Limits of harmonic current emission (< 16A per phase)
Important Immunity Standards
 IEC 61000-4-2 :Electrostatic Discharge immunity test
 IEC 61000-4-3 : Radiated radio frequency EM field immunity test
 IEC 61000-4-4 :Electrical fast transient / Burst immunity test
 IEC 61000-4-5 :Surge immunity test
 IEC 61000-4-6 : Conducted radio frequency EM field immunity test
 IEC 61000-4-8 : Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
 IEC 61000-4-11 :Voltage Dips, short interruptions and voltage variations
immunity test
THANK YOU !!

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