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Group 16: Classification of Oxides

The document classifies oxides into different types based on their chemical behavior and oxygen content. It describes acidic oxides, basic oxides, amphoteric oxides, neutral oxides, and polyoxides such as peroxides, superoxides, dioxides, suboxides, and mixed oxides. Key characteristics and reactions of each oxide type are provided as examples.

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P. PARIS KATHERINE REBECCAH BCMBC2019
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124 views

Group 16: Classification of Oxides

The document classifies oxides into different types based on their chemical behavior and oxygen content. It describes acidic oxides, basic oxides, amphoteric oxides, neutral oxides, and polyoxides such as peroxides, superoxides, dioxides, suboxides, and mixed oxides. Key characteristics and reactions of each oxide type are provided as examples.

Uploaded by

P. PARIS KATHERINE REBECCAH BCMBC2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group 16

CLASSIFICATION OF OXIDES
CLASSIFICATION OF OXIDES
BASED ON
BASED ON THE
CHEMICAL
OXYGEN CONTENT
BEHAVIOUR

NORMAL
ACIDIC OXIDES
OXIDES

BASIC OXIDES POLYOXIDES

NEUTRAL
OXIDES

AMPHOTERIC
OXIDES
OXIDES BASED ON CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR
ACIDIC OXIDES
 These oxides dissolve in water forming acids and are therefore called as acid
anhydrides.
CO2 +H2O H2CO3
 They neutralize alkalies and their aqueous solution turn blue litmus red.
 These are generally oxides of non metals (CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2, N2O5 ) or metallic
oxides of high oxidation state(CrO3 , V2O5, Mn2O7 )
 They react alkali to form their respective salts and water.
 Some acidic oxides give a mixture of two acids on hydrolysis and they are called
as mixed anhydrides.( Eg: NO2 )

2NO2 + H2O HNO2+HNO3


 They form mixture of two salts when allowed to react with alkalies.
2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO2 + NaNO3
BASIC OXIDES
• Generally Group 1 and Group 2 elements form bases called base anhydrides or
basic oxides

K2O(s)+H2O(l)→2KOH(aq)
• Basic oxides are the oxides of metals. If soluble in water, they react with water to
produce hydroxides (alkalies) e.g.,
CaO+H2O→Ca(OH)2
MgO+H2O→Mg(OH)2
Na2O+H2O→2NaOH
• Metallic oxides are known as basic anhydrides. They react with acids to produce
salts, e.g.,
MgO+2HCl→MgCl2+H2O
Na2O+H2SO4→Na2SO4+H2O
AMPHOTERIC OXIDES
 Amphoteric oxides exhibit both basic as well as acidic properties. When they react with
an acid, they produce salt and water, showing basic properties.
 While reacting with alkalies they form salt and water showing acidic properties.

 ZnO exhibits basic behaviour with HCl


ZnO+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2O(basic nature)

Acidic behaviour with NaOH


ZnO+2NaOH→Na2ZnO2+H2O(acidic nature)

Al2O3 exhibits basic behaviour with H2SO4


Al2O3+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H2O(basic nature)

Acidic behaviour with NaOH


Al2O3+2NaOH→2NaAlO2+H2O(acidic nature)
NEUTRAL OXIDES
Neutral oxides show neither basic nor acidic properties and hence do not form salts
when reacted with acids or bases, e.g., carbon monoxide (CO); nitrous oxide (N 2O);
etc., are neutral oxides.
TYPES OF OXIDES BASED ON OXYGEN
CONTENT- NORMAL & POLYOXIDES

PEROXIDES

POLYOXIDES SUPEROXIDES

DIOXIDES

SUBOXIDES

MIXED OXIDES
Normal oxides:-
These contain just the as much oxygen as permitted by the
normal valency of its metal.
These contain only M-O bonds
Eg. H2O , MgO, Al2O3

Polyoxides:-
They contain more oxygen than permitted by the normal
oxidation number of the metal.
They involve O-O as well as M-O bonds
PEROXIDES
 Peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R.
 The O−O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group.
 In contrast to oxide ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an 
oxidation number of −1.

They produce hydrohen peroxide with dilute acids and oxygen


with conc. Acids
Ba O2 + dil H2SO4 BaSO4 + H2O2
Ba O2 + conc. H2SO4 BaSO4 + O2
SUPEROXIDES
 A superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion, which has the
chemical formula O2-
 They react with water to give hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
 Examples: KO2 , RbO2 , CsO2

2KO2 + 2 H2O 2 KOH+ H2O2 + O2


DIOXIDES
These are polyoxides which like peroxides contain higher percentage of oxygen but
do not give H2O2 . With dilute acids
They liberate O2 with conc. Sulphuric acid and Cl2 with conc HCl
Eg: MnO2,PbO2
MnO2 + 2 H2SO4 (conc) 2MnSO4 + 2 H2O + O2

MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2 H2O + Cl2


SUB OXIDES
 These oxides contain less oxygen than expected from the normal valency of its metal
Example: N2O (Nitrous oxide), C3O2 (Carbon suboxide)
 They have M-M and M-O bonds

C3O2 O=C=C=C=O
MIXED OXIDES
• Mixed are produced when two simple oxides combine. These two simple oxides can be
of the same element or different
• Examples:
1. Red Lead - Pb3O4 (2PbO + PbO2) a mixture lead monoxide and lead dioxide.
2. Ferroso ferric oxide- Fe3O4 ( FeO + Fe2O3) a mixture of ferrous and ferric oxide
On treatment with acids they give 2 compounds corresponding to the 2 constituents

Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2 FeCl3 + 4H2O


Pb3O4 + 4 HNO3 2 Pb(NO3)2 +PbO2 + 2 H2O

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