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Q1 - Lesson 1

The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body using blood vessels. The blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products between tissues and organs. It contains blood cells suspended in plasma. The heart pumps blood through arteries, veins and capillaries, keeping the circulatory system working.

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49 views26 pages

Q1 - Lesson 1

The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body using blood vessels. The blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products between tissues and organs. It contains blood cells suspended in plasma. The heart pumps blood through arteries, veins and capillaries, keeping the circulatory system working.

Uploaded by

Espher Macabitas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1:

Circulatory
System
2

The sum total of the


chemical changes that go
within the cells of an
organism is known as
metabolism.
3

Metabolic wastes – waste


product of the cells.

The transport of needed materials to


the cells and waste materials from the
cell is the function of circulatory
system.
4
5

1. The Vascular System


- system of tubes through
which blood flows.
6

Three types of blood vessels:

1. Arteries – bring blood from the heart.


2. Capillaries – those very fine tube into
which an artery branches
3. Veins – those that bring blood back to
the heart
7

Blue – vein (to heart)


Red – artery (from heart)

The diagram shows how


blood travels in the body
of a vertebrate – it leaves
the heart by the way of an
artery, enters an organ
through a network of
capillaries and returns to
the heart by way of a
vein.
8

Structure of Blood Vessels


Artery and vein show three kinds of
tissues. These are:

- A single innermost layer of epithelial


cells
- A middle layer of smooth muscles
arranged in a circular manner
around the vessel. Big arteries also
have elastic fibers among smooth
muscles
- an outermost layer of tough
connective tissue with some elastic
fibers and nerve cells
9

The wall of the capillary consist of a single layer


of epithelial cells covered by a thin layer of fibrous
material. It is the same inner epithelium in the
other two blood vessels
10

2. The Heart
- The power that propels blood through
the blood vessels comes from the heart.
11

The human heart has four chambers

1. Right atrium (RA)


2. Left atrium (LA)
3. Right ventricle (RV)
4. Left Ventricle (LV)
12

The atria or atrium receives


blood from the various part of
the body; therefore they are
referred to as receiving
chambers of the heart.
13

The ventricles are called the


pumping chambers of the
heart because they pump
blood to the different parts of
the body:
14

The RV to the lungs and the LV to


the rest of the body. Take note
that the walls of the ventricles is
thicker than that of the atria; and
that the wall of the left ventricle is
thicker than the right ventricle.
15

The human heart is about the size


of a fist. It is located at the center
of the chest cavity. It is protected
by a tough sac connective tissue,
the pericardium. It is also
protected from external injury by
the rib cage.
16

Heartbeat – this refers to the


rhythmic contraction of the heart
muscles.

The average rate of heartbeat is about


70 times per minute. It is slightly
faster in children. It is raised very
much by exercise
17
2. Blood
-the circulating fluid that supplies the needed
materials (such as oxygen and digested food) to all
body cells and collect waste materials (such as
carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products) from
them.
18

Blood Components

Whole blood consists of blood cells and a liquid


portion called the plasma.
Blood In Men In Women
Components

I. Blood Cells 46% 42%

II. Plasma 54% 58%


19

The plasma is mostly water, and contains


solution about 70 proteins and about 1
organic salts and some organic substances.
The organic substances dissolve in plasma
consist of digested food from food tubes,
gases, waste materials from the cells,
enzymes and hormones.
20

BLOOD CELLS

1. Red Blood Cells – mature red blood cells in mammals have a


biconcave shape. They contain no nucleus. Because of this, red blood
cells are unable to repair themselves, and thus have a short life. They
live for about 120 days. Hemoglobin in red blood cells give a red
color to the blood. Because of this color, red blood cells are called
erythrocytes. Hemoglobin is a complex protein that has a strong
attraction to oxygen. Red blood cells are best adapted for carrying
oxygen to the body cells.
21

Red blood cells are made in the red marrow of


the flat bones (such as rib) and of long bones
(such as the thigh bone). Blood cells, including
red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood
platelets are formed from a special connective
tissue cells called as hemocytoblasts.
22

2. White Blood Cells - also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are


the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the
body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders
23
24

Lymphocytes produce certain proteins known as


the antibodies, which act against foreign
substances. Unlike other types of blood cells
lymphocytes are made in the lymph nodes. They
live for about four hours to ten days.
25

This type of mechanism doesn’t allow for


molten material to move upward and
therefore causes a little or no volcanism. In
transform boundaries, crust is neither
produced nor destroyed as the plate slides
horizontally past each other.
26

PLATELETS
- platelets are not cells; they do not have nuclei.
They are fragments from large cells, called
megakaryocytes, in the bone marrow. They play an
important role in the clotting of blood.

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