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Unit 1:: Understanding The Communication Process

This document discusses key concepts about the communication process including: 1) Communication is the process of expressing and exchanging information through various models like the linear, interactive, and transactional models. 2) The four key elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, and receiver. 3) Communication breakdown can occur due to different types of noise like physical, psychological, physiological, semantic, and cultural noise. 4) Nonverbal cues provide insights about relationships and meanings beyond what is said verbally.

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Mark Steven Talag
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60 views

Unit 1:: Understanding The Communication Process

This document discusses key concepts about the communication process including: 1) Communication is the process of expressing and exchanging information through various models like the linear, interactive, and transactional models. 2) The four key elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, and receiver. 3) Communication breakdown can occur due to different types of noise like physical, psychological, physiological, semantic, and cultural noise. 4) Nonverbal cues provide insights about relationships and meanings beyond what is said verbally.

Uploaded by

Mark Steven Talag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 1:

UNDERSTANDING THE
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
LESSON 1: Nature and Elements of Communication
Learning Targets:
 Explains the functions, nature, and process of
 communication
 Differentiates the various models of communication
 Uses various strategies in order to avoid
communication breakdown
 Demonstrate sensitivity toward others in various
communication situations.
COMMUNICATION
IS A PROCESS OF EXPRESSING AND EXCHANGING
INFORMATION, THOUGHTS, IDEAS, AND FEELINGS. SINCE IT
IS A PROCESS, IT INVOLVES A SERIES OF ACTIONS THAT
LEAD TO A PARTICULAR RESULT SUCH AS THE PASSING OF
MESSAGE AND AN EXCHANGE OF IDEAS, AMONG OTHERS.
LINEAR MODEL
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
 LINEAR MODEL- SHOWS A STRAIGHT PATH OF RELAYING
INFORMATION. IT IS ONE-DIRECTIONAL, WHICH MEANS
THAT INFORMATION FROM A SENDER IS CONVEYED
DIRECTLY TO THE RECEIVER.
 IT WAS FIRST PROPOSED BY ARISTOTLE
FOUR KEY ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
1. SENDER ORIGIN OF THE MESSAGE
2. MESSAGE- AN IDEA, THOUGHT, OR PIECE OF INFORMATION THAT
THE SENDER AIMS TO EXPRESS OR MAKE KNOWN.
3. CHANNEL- THE CHANNEL IS THE MEANS BY WHICH A MESSAGE IS
SENT.
4. RECEIVER- THE ONE WHO RECIEVES THE MESSAGE
•MASS MEDIA, ESPECIALLY TV AND RADIO, ARE GOOD
EXAMPLES OF THE LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION.
THE MESSAGE, WHICH COMES FROM THE BROADCAST,
TRAVELS THROUGH AIRWAVES IN A STRAIGHT PATH
GOING TO THE RECEIVER, WHICH IS THE PERSON
WATCHING OR LISTENING.
INTERACTIVE MODEL
• THIS MODEL TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION FEEDBACK
FROM THE RECEIVER. THUS, THE MESSAGE IN THIS MODEL
ORIGINATES FROM TWO SOURCES: THE MESSAGE FROM
THE SENDER AND THE FEEDBACK FROM THE RECEIVER.
•WHEN THE RECEIVER GIVES FEEDBACK. HE OR SHE
BECOMES THE SENDER, AND THE ORIGINAL SENDER
BECOMES THE RECEIVER OF THE FEEDBACK.
•WILBUR SCHRAMM, AN EXPERT IN MASS COMMUNICATION,
INTRODUCED THE INTERACTIVE MODEL IN 1954, WHICH WAS GROUND
BREAKING AT THAT TIME SINCE IT INTRODUCED THE COMMUNICATORS
“ FIELDS OF EXPERIENCE.” CONTEXT REFERS TO THE SETTING IN
WHICH THE COMMUNICATION SITUATION TAKES PLACE.
•FIELDS OF EXPERIENCE REFER TO THE CULTURAL BACKGROUND AND
OTHER FRAMES THAT AN INDIVIDUAL ,MAY BRING INTO THE
INTERACTION.
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
•DEVELOPED IN THE 1970’S BY DEAN BARNLUND, SHOWS
COMMUNICATION AS OCCURRING CONTINUOUSLY AND
SIMULTANEOUSLY BETWEEN OR AMONG PEOPLE.
ACCORDING TO HIM, PEOPLE DO NOT SIMPLY SEND AND
RECEIVE MESSAGES AND SEND THEM BACK AGAIN, IN
THAT ORDER. INSTEAD, THEY SEND AND RECEIVE
MESSAGES SIMULTANEOUSLY AND BUILD SHARED
MEANINGS DURING INTERACTION.
•FURTHERMORE, THE CHANNEL USED, THE ENVIRONMENT, THE
COMMUNICATORS THEMSELVES, THEIR SHARED MEANINGS,
AND EVEN NOISE, ARE PART OF THE MESSAGE, NOT JUST
ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS. IN
ADDITION, NOISE IN THE TRANSACTIONAL MODEL IS NOW
MORE THAN JUST SOMETHING TAKING PLACE IN THE
CHANNEL.INSTEAD, NOISE IS FOUND OR OCCURS AT ANY PART
OF OR ANY POINT IN THE PROCESS.
COMMUNICATION BREAKDOWN AND
NOISE

•BREAKDOWNS OCCUR IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS FROM


TIME TO TIME. A BREAKDOWN IN COMMUNICATION OCCURS WHEN
THE MESSAGE OR THE FEEDBACK IS NOT SENT OR RECEIVED
PROPERLY AT LEAST IN THE WAY THAT THE SENDER INTENDS OR IS
NOT RECEIVED BY THE CONCERNED PARTY ALTOGETHER.
PHYSICAL NOISE
COMES FROM THE ENVIRONMENT (
EXTRANEOUS NOISES, WHITE NOISE,
UNBEARABLE WEATHER,
DISTRACTING VISUAL AID )
PSYCHOLOGICAL
NOISE
ORIGINATES FROM THE EMOTIONAL STATE,
MENTAL STATE, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MAKEUP
OF A PERSON ( DEPRESSION,ANGER,SUSPICIONS,
PARANOIA, BIASES )
PHYSIOLOGICAL
NOISE
“ BODILY CONDITIONS “ THAT
COMPROMISE THE ABILITY OF A PERSON
TO SEND OR RECEIVE MESSAGES
( HUNGER, STOMACH ACHE )
SEMANTIC NOISE
REFERS TO ANYTHING RELATED TO THE MEANING OF
WORDS THAT DISTORTS OR MASKS A MESSAGE AND
CONFUSES THE LISTENER ( SPEAKER’S USE OF A
FOREIGN LANGUAGE, A LISTENER’S LIMITED
VOCABULARY, OR DIFFERING INTERPRETATIONS OF
THE MEANING OF A WORD )
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY IN
COMMUNICATION
•CULTURAL SENSITIVITY IS THE AWARENESS THAT PEOPLE HAVE
VARYING CULTURES AND THAT THE SIMILARITIES AND
DIFFERENCES OF THESE CULTURES AFFECT THE VALUES, BEHAVIOR,
AND LEARNING OF PEOPLE. IT IS SOMETHING THAT HELPS PEOPLE
ACCEPT OR TOLERATE ONE ANOTHER DESPITE VARYING BELIEFS,
MORAL CODES, AND POINTS OF VIEW.
•THE LACK OF CULTURAL SENSITIVITY ( CULTURAL
INSENSITIVITY), THEREFORE, LEADS TO
MISUNDERSTANDINGS OR CONFLICT. IN
COMMUNICATION, CULTURAL INSENSITIVITY IS A TYPE OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE THAT INTERFERES WITHOR
DISTORTS MESSAGES AND CAUSES COMMUNICATION
BREAKDOWN
VERBAL AND NON VERBAL CUES

•ONE CAN HAVE AN IDEA OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN


TWO PEOPLE INTERACTING WITH EACH OTHER BY SIMPLY
OBSERVING THE NONVERBAL CUES THEY ARE USING.
EXAMPLES
1. CONSIDER TWO MEN HAVING A CONVERSATION IN FRONT OF A RESTAURANT. BOTH
ARE DRESSED IN BUSINESS ATTIRE AND ARE FRIENDLY BUT NOT TOO FAMILIAR WITH
EACH OTHER. AT ONE POINT, ONE OF THEM SHAKES THE HAND OF THE OTHER, AND
THEY SAY THEIR THANKS AND GO SEPARATE WAYS. YOU CONCLUDE THAT A
BUSINESS TRANSACTION HAS JUST OCCURRED. EVEN IF YOU DO NOT HEAR THAT
LINE FROM ONE OF THEM, YOU CAN STILL SAFELY ASSUME IT IS NOT A FRIENDLY
BANTER BETWEEN TWO CLOSE FRIENDS WITH THW WAY THEY SHOOK HANDS AND
SEPERATED WAYS AFTER.
2. CONSIDER AN AUTHOR WRITING A NOVEL. HE MAY
SMILE OR FROWN OR CLENCH HIS TEETH IN ANGER
DEPENDING ON HIS MOOD WHILE TYPING HIS
MANUSCRIPT. HE IS ALONE, YET HE GESTURES AND MAKES
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS TO EXPRESS SOMETHING.

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