WATER LEVEL

INDICATOR USING
LEDs AND BUZZER
PRESENTED BY,
S.PAVITHRA(512518105006),
N.JAYAKODI(512518105005),
Shri sapthagiri institute of
technology,Ocheri.
 ABSTRACT

 A Water Level Indicator is used to detect and indicate

the water level in an overhead tank or any other water
container.
In this paper, we investigated the design of a water level
sensor device using LED’s , Transistor & buzzer, that can
detect the level of water in a water storage system.
 INTRODUCTION
 In India, water crisis is increasing day by day and also on another
part water is wasted on many basis and one of this includes the
overflow of tank.
 So, here we are going to solve this issue in a simple manner.
 The circuit not only indicates the amount of water but also
indicates by giving an alarm when the tank is about 90% filled.
 When the water in the tank is empty, wires in the tank are open
circuited and the resistor pulls the switch low and hence opening the
switch and led are OFF.
 As the water starts filling up, first the wire in tank connected to low
indication wire and +supply are shorted by water.
 This closes the switch low indication wire and turn the LED1 ON.
As the water continues to fill the tank, LED1 & 3 lights up gradually
and when the tank is about 90% filled the buzzer will ON.

 EXISTING METHOD
 The water level indicator basically employs a simple
mechanism to detect and indicate the water level in an
overhead tank or any other water container .
 This method usually contains only LED’s or some other
methods which only visually knowing the level of water.
 PROPOSED METHOD
 But here, we are knowing the level of water which is audible.
 Because we are using an electric buzzer which automatically
gives an alarm when the overhead tank or any other container
when it is 90% filled or according to our customs.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLANATION
 The Collector part of Transistor T1 is connected to the –ve side of
electric buzzer.
 The collector part of Transistors T2 , T3, T4 is connected to the
resistor of 1kΩ and –ve side of LED3 , LED2 & LED1 in series.
 The Emitter part of transistors T1, T2, T3 & T4 is connected to the –
ve part of 9 V DC battery.
 The +ve side of buzzer & the +ve side of LED3, LED2 & LED1 is
connected to the +ve part of battery through the swtich.
 The Emitter part of transistors T1& T2 are kept in top level of the
overhead tank or container .
 The Emitter part of transistors T3 & T4 are kept in Medium & Low
level of over head tank or container respectively.
 The positive side of battery through the switch, positive side of LED
& positive side of buzzer are kept in corresponding position through
the connecting wire in the container.
 HARDWARE PARTS

 LED(Light emitting diode)

 Resistance
 Buzzer
 PCB(Printed circuit board)
 Switch
Connecting Wires
 LED
 A Light emitting diode(LED) is an electronic light source.
 LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many kinds of
electronics and increasingly for lighting.
 LEDs work by the effect of
“ELECTROLUMINESCENCE”.
 When the diode is forward biased (switching on),
electrons are able to recombine with holes and energy id
released in the form of light.
 The effect is called “ELECTROLUMINESCENCE”.
 RESISTANCE
 The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its
opposition to the passage of a steady current.
 It is discovered by GEORGE OHM in the late of 1820s.
 The SI unit of the electrical resistance is Ohm(Ω ).
 The resistance of a resistive object determines the amount of
current through the object for a given potential difference V
across the object, in accordance with the Ohm’s law;
 I=V/R
 Where R is the resistance of the object, measure in Ohms,
equivalent to J.(s/c^2).
 TRANSISTOR(BC547)
 A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to
amplify or switch electronic signals.
 A transistor is made of a solid piece of semiconductor
material, with atleast three terminals for connection to an
external circuit.
 This is a NPN transistor.
 ELECTRIC BUZZER
 A piezoelectric buzzer consists of an electric ceramic plate
which has electrodes of both sides and a metal plate.
 An electric ceramic plate is attached to a metal plate with
adhesives.
 Applying D.C voltage between electrodes of a piezoelectric
ceramic plate causes mechanical distortion due to
piezoelectric effect.
 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
 A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to
mechanically support and electrically connect
electronic components using conductive pathways,
tracks or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated
on to a non-conductive substrate.
WORKING PRINCIPLE

 One electrode wire is with 9V battery is placed at

the bottom of tank.
 Next wires are placed step by step above the bottom
probe.
 When the water comes in contact with the electrode
tip, a conductive path is established between the sense
electrode and the tank wall/reference electrode, which
in turn makes the transistors conduct to glow LED
and indicate the level of water.
ACTUAL VIEW OF CIRCUIT
ACTUAL VIEW OF CIRCUIT
ACTUAL VIEW OF CIRCUIT
ACTUAL VIEW OF CIRCUIT
 SOLDERING

 Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are

joined together by melting and flowing a filler metal into a
joint, the filler metal having a relatively low melting point.
 After the metal cools, the resulting joints are not as strong as
the base metal, but have adequate strength, electrical
conductivity, and water-tightness for many uses.
ADVANTAGES

 It is more economic.
 Cost is comparatively low.
 No more wastage of water.
 Easy installation and monitoring.
DRAWBACKS

 Electronics are built separately.

 May not work with agitated liquids.
 The rust, foul and deteriorate.
FUTURE SCOPE &
ENANCHEMENT
 Now there is no need to look the water levrl.
 It shows the water level in your place like it
quarter tank, or half tank of full tank.
 Alarm starts ringing as soon as the tank is 90%
filled.
 It is suitable for every tank.
REFERENCE

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THANK YOU