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Ipa Chart and Consonant Sounds

The document is a summary of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) prepared by Ma. Mickaela Mirasol M. Dimaano. It includes a chart of the IPA, an overview of consonant sounds categorized by place and manner of articulation, and examples of how IPA is used for phonetic transcription and distinguishing between similar sounding words.

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Micka Mercado Dimaano
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612 views40 pages

Ipa Chart and Consonant Sounds

The document is a summary of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) prepared by Ma. Mickaela Mirasol M. Dimaano. It includes a chart of the IPA, an overview of consonant sounds categorized by place and manner of articulation, and examples of how IPA is used for phonetic transcription and distinguishing between similar sounding words.

Uploaded by

Micka Mercado Dimaano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Philippine Christian University

Dasmariñas, Cavite

The Consonant Sounds and


the International Phonetic
Alphabet

Prepared by:
Ma. Mickaela Mirasol M. Dimaano
Master of Arts in Education Major in English
Table Of Contents

01 02
The IPA Chart CONSONANT
SOUNDS
01
International Phonetic
Alphabet
International
Phonetic Alphabet

(IPA), an alphabet developed in the 19th century to


accurately represent the pronunciation of languages. One
aim of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was to
provide a unique symbol.For each distinctive sound in a
language that is every sound, or phoneme that serves
to distinguish one word from another.
IPA
CHART
International Phonetic Alphabet
UNITIPA International Phonetic Alphabet (revised 2020)
DO YOU WANT TO KNOW HOW
EACH SOUND SHOULD BE
PRONOUNCED?

TO LISTEN TO IPA CHART WITH SOUNDS


● CLICK HERE
DO YOU WANT TO EASILY TYPE
AN IPA?

THE INTERNATIONAL
ALPHABET KEYBOARD
● CLICK HERE
International Phonetic
Alphabet
The IPA primarily uses Roman characters. Other letters
are borrowed. from different scripts (e.g., Greek) and
are modified to conform to Roman style.
Uses of IPA

Basis for creating new


Dictionaries writing systems Transcribing
It’s the closest to the Sun Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
and the smallest in the and is the second from the cold. It’s full of iron oxide
System Sun dust
Phonetic Transcription
PRONUNCIATION OF
WORDS

EXAMPLE:
Home - /hoʊm/ Come
- /kʌm/
Sound Segments
• Knowing a language includes knowing the sounds of that
language

• Phonetics is the study of speech sounds


Identity of Speech
Sounds
• Our linguistic knowledge allows us to ignore nonlinguistic differences in
speech (such as individual pitch levels, rates of speed, coughs)
• The click tsk that signals disapproval in English is a speech sound in languages
such as Xhosa and Zulu where it is combined with other sounds just like t or k is
in English
Identity of Speech
Sounds
• The science of phonetics aims to describe all the sounds of all the world’s languages

1 2 3
Acoustic Auditory Articulatory

phonetics: phonetics: phonetics:


The Phonetic Alphabet
• Some problems with ordinary spelling:

– 1. The same sound may be represented by many letters or


combination of letters:
He people key believe seize machine
Caesar seas see moeba

– 2. The same letter may represent a variety of sounds:

father village
made
badly
The Phonetic Alphabet
– 3. A combination of letters may represent a
single sound
shoot character Thomas
physics
either rough
coat deal
The Phonetic Alphabet
4. A single letter may represent a combination of sounds
xerox

5. Some letters in a word may not be pronounced at all


autumn Sword Resign
pterodactyl lamb corps
psychology write knot

6 . There may be no letter to represent a sound that occurs in a word


cute use
The Phonetic Alphabet

• The sounds of English are:


The Phonetic Alphabet
02
The Consonant Souds
Consonants: Place of Articulation

• The major places of articulation are:

bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, uvular, and glottal


Consonants: Place of Articulation
Consonants: Place of Articulation
• Bilabials: [p] [b] [m]
– Produced by bringing both lips together

• Labiodentals: [f] [v]


– Produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth

• Interdentals [θ] [ð]


– Produced by putting the tip of the tongue between the teeth
Consonants: Place of Articulation
• Alveolars: [t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l] [r]

• [t, d, n]: produced by the tip of the tongue touching the alveolar ridge (or just in
front of it)

• [s, z]: produced with the sides of the front of the tongue raised but the tip lowered to
allow air to escape

• [l]: the tongue tip is raised while the rest of the tongue remains down so air can escape over
the sides of the tongue (thus [l] is a lateral sound)

• [r]: air escapes through the central part of the mouth; either the tip of the tongue is
curled back behind the alveolar ridge or the top of the tongue is bunched up behind the
alveolar ridge
Consonants: Place of Articulation
• Palatals: [ʃ] [ʒ] [ʧ] [ʤ][ʝ]
– Produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the palate

• Velars: [k] [g] [ŋ]


– Produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum

• Uvulars: [ʀ] [q] [ɢ]


– Produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula

• Glottals: [h] [Ɂ]


– Produced by restricting the airflow through the open glottis ([h]) or by
stopping the air completely at the glottis (a glottal stop: [Ɂ])
Consonants: Manner of Articulation

• Voiceless sounds are those produced with the vocal cords apart so the air
flows freely through the glottis

• Voiced sounds are those produced when the vocal cords are together and
vibrate as air passes through
Consonants: Manner of Articulation
• distinguish the difference in voiced/voiceless
sounds
rope/robe fine/vine seal/zeal
[rop]/[rob] [faɪn]/[vaɪn] [sil]/[zil]

aspirated
unaspirated spool [spul]
tale [p
pool ul]
[thhel] stale [stel]
[khel] [skel]
Consonants: Manner of Articulation
• Oral sounds are those produced with the velum raised to prevent air from
escaping out the nose

• Nasal sounds are those produced with the velum lowered to allow
air to escape out the nose

• So far we have three ways of classifying sounds based on phonetic


features: by voicing, by place of articulation, and by nasalization

– [p] is a voiceless, bilabial, oral sound


– [n] is a voiced, alveolar, nasal sound
Consonants: Manner of Articulation
• Stops: [p] [b] [m] [t] [d] [n] [k] [g] [ŋ] [ʧ][ʤ] [Ɂ]

• All other sounds are continuants, meaning that


the airflow is continuous through the oral cavity

• Fricatives: [f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [x] [ɣ] [h]
– Produced by severely obstructing the airflow so as to
cause friction
Consonants: Manner of Articulation
• Affricates: [ʧ] [ʤ]
– Produced by a stop closure that is released with a lot of friction

• Liquids: [l] [r]


– Produced by causing some obstruction of the airstream in the mouth, but not enough to cause
any real friction

• Glides: [j] [w]


– Produced with very little obstruction of the airstream and are always followed by a vowel
Consonants: Manner of Articulation
• Approximants: [w] [j] [r] [l]
– Sometimes liquids and glides are put together into one category because the
articulators approximate a frictional closeness but do not actually cause
friction

• Trills and flaps: [r]* [ɾ]


– Trills are produced by rapidly vibrating an articulator
– Flaps are produced by a flick of the tongue against the alveolar ridge

• Clicks:
– Produced by moving air in the mouth between various articulators
– The disapproving sound tsk in English is a consonant in Zulu and some other
southern African languages
– The lateral click used to encourage a horse in English is a consonant in Xhosa
International Phonetic Alphabet
Index to number references and vowel / consonant sounds
Vowel Phonemes Consonant Phonemes
01 Pit 21 pit
02 pet 22 bit
03 pat 23 time
04 pot 24 door
05 luck 25 cat
06 good 26 get
07 ago 27 fan
08 meat 28 van
09 car 29 think
10 door 30 that
11 girl 31 send
12 too 32 zip
13 day 33 man
14 sky 34 nice
15 boy 35 ring
16 beer 36 leg
17 bear 37 rat
18 tour 38 wet
19 go 39 hat
20 cow 40 yet
41 shop
42 leisure
43 chop
44 jump
vowels consonants

IPA words IPA words

cup, luck bad, lab


arm, father did, lady
cat, black find, if
away, cinema give, flag
met, bed how, hello
turn, learn yes, yellow
hit, sitting cat, back
see, heat leg, little
hot, rock man, lemon
call, four no, ten
put, could sing, finger
blue, food pet, map
five, eye red, try
now, out sun, miss
go, home she, crash
where, air tea, getting
say, eight check, church
near, here think, both
boy, join this, mother
pure, tourist voice, five
wet, window
Thank
You!

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