Architecture and working of

Cellular systems
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BASIC
CELLULAR ARCHITECTURE
 Basic Cellular Architecture
Mobilit
Public Switched yDatabase
Base
Telephone Controlle
Station
Network r
Mobile
Switchi
ng
Center
Radio
(MSC)
Network

Base
Station Mobile
(BS) Station
 Mobile station: A station in the cellular radio service
intended for use while in motion at unspecified locations.
Mobile stations may be hand held units or installed in
vehicles.
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 Basic Cellular Architecture
Mobilit
Public Switched yDatabase
Base
Telephone Controlle
Station
Network r
Mobile
Switchi
ng
Center
Radio
(MSC)
Network

Base
Station Mobile
(BS) Station
 Base station: A fixed station in a mobile radio system used
for radio communication with mobile stations. Base stations
are located at the center or on the edge of coverage region
and consist of radio channels and transmitter and receiver
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10
antennas mounted on a tower
 Basic Cellular Architecture
Mobilit
Public Switched yDatabase
Base
Telephone Controlle
Station
Network r
Mobile
Switchi
ng
Center
Radio
(MSC)
Network

Base
Station Mobile
(BS) Station

 Forward channel: Radio channel used for

transmission
of information from base station to the mobile
11
station
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 Basic Cellular Architecture
Mobilit
Public Switched yDatabase
Base
Telephone Controlle
Station
Network r
Mobile
Switchi
ng
Center
Radio
(MSC)
Network

Base
Station Mobile
(BS) Station

 Reverse channel: Radio channelused for

transmission
of information from mobile station to the base
12
station
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 Definitions
 Control channel
 Radio channel used for transmission of call setup, call request,
call
initiation, and other beacon or control purpose
 Handoff
 The process of transferring a mobile station from one base
station to
other base station
 Page
 A brief messagewhich is broadcastover the entire
service area, usually in a simulcast fashion by many base
stations at the same time
 Roaming
 A mobile station which operates in a service area other than
that from which service has been subscribed
 Transceiver
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 Cordless Telephone Systems
 Cordless telephone systems are full duplex
communication systems that use radio to connect a
portable handset to a dedicated base station, which is then
connected to a dedicated telephone line with a specific
telephone number on the public switched telephone
network (PSTN)

PSTN
Telepho
ne
Cordless Base unit Network
Phone

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 Cellular Telephone Systems
 A cellular telephone system provides a wireless connection
to the PSTN for any user location within the radio range
of the system
 A cellular systems accommodate a large number of users
over a large geographic area, within limited frequency
spectrum

Radio tower

PSTN

MS T e le p h o n e
Network

C Mobile Switching
Center

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 Cellular Telephone Systems
 High capacity is achieved by limiting the
coverage ofeach base station to a smaller area
called cell.

Rad io tower

PSTN
T e le p h o n e
MS Network

C Mobile Switching
Center

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 Cellular Telephone Systems
 A sophisticated switching technique called handoff enables a
call to proceed uninterrupted when the user moves from one
cell to other
 MSC is responsible for connecting all mobiles to the PSTN in a
cellular system.
 Channels used for voice transmission
 Forward voice channel(FVC)
 Reverse voice channel(RVC)
 Channels used for control signals transmission
 Forward control channel(FCC)
 Reverse control channel(RCC)
 Control channels are also called setup channels

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 Cellular system Concept

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 Elements of Cellular Communication
System

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REFERENCES
• Theodore S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications Principles and
Practice”, 2nd Edition,Pearson Education, 2003
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