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Chapter 2 Process & Proposal

This document discusses various topics related to research including research methods, methodology, types of research, and the research proposal. It defines research methods as techniques used to conduct research operations like surveys and experiments. Research methodology is systematically solving a research problem. The types of research discussed are descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical. It also outlines the steps in the research process and key elements of a research proposal.

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Nikita Rekhate
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47 views

Chapter 2 Process & Proposal

This document discusses various topics related to research including research methods, methodology, types of research, and the research proposal. It defines research methods as techniques used to conduct research operations like surveys and experiments. Research methodology is systematically solving a research problem. The types of research discussed are descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical. It also outlines the steps in the research process and key elements of a research proposal.

Uploaded by

Nikita Rekhate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Research,

Research Process and


Research Proposal
Research Method
 Research method may be understood as all
those methods / techniques that are used for
conduction of research. Research methods /
techniques, thus refer to the methods the
researchers use in performing research
operations.
 In other words, all those methods which are
used by the researcher during the course of
studying his research problem are termed as
research methods.
 For example Surveys, Experiments,
Observations etc.
Research Methodology
 Research methodology is a way to
systematically solve the research problem
or grab the opportunity.
 It may be understood as a science of
studying how research is to be done
scientifically.
 In it we study the various steps that are
generally adopted by a researcher in
studying his research problem along with
the logic behind them.
Types of Research
 Descriptive research
 Analytical research
 Applied research
 Fundamental / Basic or pure research
 Quantitative research
 Qualitative research
 Conceptual research
 Empirical research
Types of research
 Descriptive vs. Analytical
 Applied vs. Fundamental

 Quantitative vs. Qualitative

 Conceptual vs. Empirical


Descriptive vs. Analytical
 Descriptive research includes surveys
and fact finding enquiries of different
kinds. The major purpose of descriptive
research is description of the state of
affairs as it exists at present.
 In analytical research, the researcher
has to use facts or information already
available and analyze these to make a
critical evaluation of the material.
Applied vs. Fundamental
 Applied research aims at finding a solution for
an immediate problem or opportunity faced by
society or an industry or business organization.
 Fundamental research is mainly concerned with
generalizations and with the formulation of a
theory or law.
 The central aim of applied research is to discover
a solution for some urgent practical problem
whereas fundamental research is directed
towards finding information that has a broad
base of applications and thus adds to the already
existing organized body of scientific knowledge.
Quantitative vs. Qualitative
 Quantitative research is based on the
measurement of quantity or amount. It is
applicable to phenomenon that can be
expressed in terms of quantity.
 Qualitative research is concerned with
qualitative aspects of human behavior i.e.
honesty, beauty, consumer behavior,
customer perceptions, customer loyalty etc.
Conceptual vs. Empirical
 Conceptual research is related to some
abstract idea(s) or theory. It is generally
used by philosophers and thinkers to develop
new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.
 Empirical research relies on experience or
observation alone, often without due regard
for system and theory. It is data based
research, coming up with conclusions which
are capable of being verified by observation
or experiment.
Steps in Research Process
 Management dilemma
 Identifying and defining the problem or
opportunity
 Review the literature

 Formulating the hypothesis

 Formulating the research design

 Data collection

Continued….
Steps in Research Process
 Data refining and preparation
 Data analysis and interpretation

 Hypothesis testing

 Preparing and presenting the research


report
 Management / Research decision

 Follow up study if required


Research Proposal
 A research proposal is a document
written by a researcher that provides a
detailed description of the proposed
research program.
 It is like a blue print or an outline of
the entire research process that gives a
summary of the information discussed
in a project to the reader.
Research proposal should address
the following questions
 What is your topic?
 What questions do you want to answer?

 What is the key literature and its


limitations?
 What are the main hypotheses of the work?

 What methodology do you intend to use?

 What are your case studies if any and what


is your case selection criteria?
Key Elements of a Research Proposal
 Title
 Introduction / Background of study

 Review of literature

 Need / Research gap analysis

 Importance / benefits of study

 Scope and limitations of study

Continued……
Key Elements of a Research Proposal
 Hypotheses of the study
 Research design

 Data Analysis

 Budget

 Schedule of research work

 Bibliography

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