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Electromagnetic Induction

The document discusses electromagnetic induction, which refers to generating electric current by passing a metal wire through a changing magnetic field. It describes some of Michael Faraday's pioneering experiments in the 1820s and 1830s that discovered this principle. Some applications of electromagnetic induction mentioned include transformers, generators, induction motors, and wireless power transfer.

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149 views

Electromagnetic Induction

The document discusses electromagnetic induction, which refers to generating electric current by passing a metal wire through a changing magnetic field. It describes some of Michael Faraday's pioneering experiments in the 1820s and 1830s that discovered this principle. Some applications of electromagnetic induction mentioned include transformers, generators, induction motors, and wireless power transfer.

Uploaded by

wakki 10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electromagnetic Induction

Kaihan khalid
20gptc4060070
Applied Physics II
Diploma in computer science and
enginerring
What is Electromagnetic Induction?

 Electromagnetic induction refers to the generation of an electric current by


passing a metal wire through a magnetic field.

 Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive


force across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.

 When an induced current is produced because of voltage production (E.M.F) due


to a changing magnetic field, it is called electromagnetic induction.
Brief History of Electromagnetic Induction

 In 1820, Oersted first discovered that a magnetic field is


always associated with an electric current.

 In 1831, August 29, Faraday discovered electromagnetic


induction by his famous induction ring experiment.
Electromagnetic Induction test

 Make a connection between the galvanometer and the


copper coil with the electric wires.

 Try to push the bar inside of the


coil.

 Take away the bar from the from the


coil.
Characteristics of Electromagnetic Induction
 For movements between magnetic bar and the conductor, there will be
deflections in
galvanometer.

 If the bar and the conductor remain steady then there will be no deflections in
the
galvanometer.

 If the pole of the magnetic bar is changed, the direction of induced current will
change.

 When the loops in the coil increases the deflection become greater and
when loops decreases the deflection become smaller.
Faraday’s experiments of Electromagnetic Induction

 Faraday conducted three different experiments


to find electromagnetic induction.

 He used a coil of wire, galvanometer, and a bar magnet,


by noticing deflections he conducted his first experiment.
Faraday’s experiments of Electromagnetic Induction

 He replaced the magnet bar with a current


carrying solenoid to perform his second
experiment.

 He placed two coils close together face to face but at


rest with respect to each other and by closing and
opening the circuit he conducted his third
experiment.
Magnetic Flux

 The flux of the magnetic field through a surface is defined in a similar


manner as we defined flux in the electric field.

 If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux passing through a


surface of vector area S is ΦB = B.S cosƟ.
Magnetic Flux

 Magnetic flux is usually measured with a flux meter, which contains


measuring coils and electronics, that evaluates the change of voltage
in the measuring coils to calculate the magnetic flux.

 The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-
seconds),and the CGS unit is the Maxwell.
Laws of Electromagnetic Induction

 Faraday’s Law : It states that, the E.M.F induced in a wire is


proportional to the rate of the flux through the loop.

 Neumann's Law : The magnitude of the induced E.M.F is


proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux linking the
circuit.

 Lenz’s Law : The induced E.M.F acts to the circulate a current in a


direction that oppose the change in flux which caused the induced
E.M.F
Explanation of Lenz's Law

 According to Lenz’s law, the direction of included current in


a coil
is such that it always opposes the cause which produces it.

 This law follows the law of conservation of


energy.
Self-Induction

 Self-Induction is the characteristic of the coil itself.

 When the main current in the coil decreases, the


induced current opposes the decay of current in
the coil.

 When the main current in the coil increases, the


induced current opposes the growth of current in
the coil.
Mutual-Induction

 Mutual induction is the characteristic of a pair of


coils.

 When the main current in the coil decreases,


induced current developed in the neighbouring
coil opposes the decay of current in the coil.

 When the main current in the coil increases, the


induced current developed in the neighbouring
coil opposes the growth of current in the coil.
Some Applications of EMI

 Induction Sealing.

 Induction motors.

 Electrical generators.

 Transformers.

 Contactless charging of rechargeable


batteries.

 Induction welding.
Some Applications of EMI

 Magnetic flow meters.

 Transcranial magnetic
stimulation.

 Graphics tablet.

 Wireless energy transfer.

 Audio and video tapes.

 Electric Guitar Pickups.


Transformer

 A transformer is an electrical device which, by the


principles of electromagnetic induction.

 It transfers electrical energy from one electric


circuit to another, without changing the
frequency.

 Transformers either increases or decreases AC


voltage, two types step-up and step-down.
Electrical generator

 Generator, operates on the principle of


electromagnetic
induction.

 A generator is a device that converts motive


power into electrical power for use in an
external circuit.

 In the simplest form of generator the conductor is


an open coil of wire rotating between the poles of
a permanent magnet.

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