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Prepared by - Abhishek Kumar Jaiswal Faculty RTI Allahabad

The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs on a computer and manages other programs and hardware resources. The main functions of an operating system include performing input/output, tracking files and directories, controlling devices, and managing memory and system resources for multiple users and programs. It also describes different types of operating systems like single-user, multi-user, multitasking, multiprocessing, embedded, and real-time operating systems.

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Abhishek Jaiswal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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35 views

Prepared by - Abhishek Kumar Jaiswal Faculty RTI Allahabad

The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs on a computer and manages other programs and hardware resources. The main functions of an operating system include performing input/output, tracking files and directories, controlling devices, and managing memory and system resources for multiple users and programs. It also describes different types of operating systems like single-user, multi-user, multitasking, multiprocessing, embedded, and real-time operating systems.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Jaiswal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared by –

Abhishek Kumar Jaiswal


Faculty
RTI Allahabad
WHAT IS AN OPERATING
SYSTEM?

•The most important program


that runs on your computer. It
manages all other programs on
the machine.

•Every PC has to have one to run


other applications or programs. It’s
the first thing “loaded”.
OPERATING SYSTEM
•It performs basic tasks, such
as:

• Recognizing input from the


keyboard or mouse,

• Sending output to the


monitor,
OPERATING
SYSTEM
•Keeping track of
files and directories
on the disk, and

•Controlling
peripheral devices
such as disk drives
and printers.
TYPES OF OS
1  Single user
 Multi user
 Multitasking
 Multi processing
 Embedded
 Real time
2
SINGLE USER

TWO TYPES:
 Single user, single task
 Single user, multi tasking
3
SINGLE USER, SINGLE
TASK
Designed to manage the computer so that
one user can effectively do one thing at a
time.
Example: MS DOS, Palm OS for
Palm handheld computers
SINGLE USER, MULTI
TASKING
4

 Designed with a single user


in mind but can deal with
many applications running
at the same time.
 Type of operating system
most people use on their
desktop and laptop
computers today
5 CONT…..

 Examples: Microsoft's Windows and


Apple's Mac OS platforms

 For Example: It's entirely possible for a


Windows user to be writing a note in a
word processor while downloading a file
from the Internet while printing the text
of an e-mail message.
7
MULTI USER
 Allows many different users to take
advantage of the computer's resources
simultaneously
 Allows multiple users to access the
computer system at the same time
 Time Sharing system and Internet servers
as the multi user systems
8 CONT…..

Examples: UNIX, Mainframe Operating systems


9 MULTI TASKING
 Allows more than one program to run concurrently.
 The tasks share common processing resources, such as a
CPU and main memory
 In the process, only one CPU is involved, but it switches
from one program to another so quickly that it gives the
appearance of executing all the programs at the same
time.
11 MULTI PROCESSING

 Multiprocessing, in general, refers to the utilization


of multiple CPUs in a single computer system
 Enables several programs to run concurrently
 The term also refers to the ability of a system to
support more than one processor and/or the ability
to allocate tasks between them
 Eg. Dual core, quad core
12 CONT…..

MULTIPROCESSING OS
EMBEDDED OS
13
14 CONT……

 Examples include computers in cars, digital


televisions, ATMs, airplane controls, digital cameras,
GPS navigation systems, elevators, and among many
other possibilities.

Embedded OS in a car Android OS in digital camera


15
REAL TIME OPERATING
SYSTEM
 is a multitasking operating system that aims at
executing real-time applications
 The main objective of real-time operating systems is
their quick and predictable response to events
 In it, the time interval required to process and respond
to inputs is so small that it controls the environment
 Are used to control machinery, scientific instruments
and industrial systems
17 CONT…..
OPERATING SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS

•Besides managing
hardware and software
resources on the system,
the OS must manage
resources and memory.

• There are two broad tasks to


be accomplished.
OS - MEMORY STORAGE AND
MANAGEMENT

1. Each process must have


enough memory in which
to execute, and

It can neither run into the


memory space of another
process,

Nor be run into by another


process.
OS - MEMORY STORAGE AND
MANAGEMENT
1. The different types of memory
in the system must be used
properly so that each process
can run most effectively.
CACHE
MEMORY
•Cache - A section of a
computer's memory
which temporarily
retains recently
accessed data in order
to speed up repeated
access to the same data.
•It provides rapid
access without having
to wait for systems to
load.
RAM
MEMORY
•Random access
memory (RAM) is
the best known
form of computer
memory.

• RAM is considered
"random access" because
you can access any
memory cell directly if you
know the row and column
that intersect at that cell.
RAM
MEMORY
• The more RAM your computer has,
the faster programs can function.

Remember, that if the power is turned off,


then all data left in RAM, that has not been
saved to the hard drive, is lost.
OS - WAKE UP CALL

•When you turn on the power to


a PC, the first program that runs
is a set of instructions kept in
the computer's read-only
memory (ROM).
OS - WAKE UP
CALL
•It checks to make sure
everything is
functioning properly.

•It checks the CPU, memory,


and basic input-output
systems (BIOS) for errors.
OS – WAKE UP CALL

•Once successful, the


software will begin to
activate the computer's
disk drives.

•It then finds the first


piece of the operating
system: the bootstrap
loader.
OS - BOOTING THE PC

•The bootstrap loader is a


small program that has a
single function: It loads the
operating system into
memory and allows it to
begin operation.
Versions of Microsoft:
MS-DOS (Microsoft disk operating system)
1.Windows 1
2. Windows 2
3. Windows 3
4. Windows 3.1
5. Windows 95
6. Windows 98
7. Windows ME
8. Windows 2000
9. Windows XP
10. Windows Vista
11. Windows 7
12. Windows 8
13. Windows 8.1
14. Windows 10

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