THE CYLINDRICAL

HEAD OF THE BULLET

Ogive
 MARKING CAN BE
MADE IN THE BASE OF
THE BULLET. THIS
STATEMENT IS TRUE

True
AN AREA OF FORENSIC
BALLISTICS WHICH IS
DONE IN THE CRIME
SCENE

Field Investigation
 THE STUDY OF THE
BEHAVIOR OF THE
PROJECTILE THE
MOMENT IT LEAVES THE
MUZZLE OF THE GUN
Intermediate Ballistics
 THE LENGTH OR
THE NUMBER OF
INCHES COVERED
TO MAKE A
COMPLETE TWIST

Pitch of Rifling's
 A PITCH OF RIFLING
WHICH IS
CHARACTERIZE OF
HAVING A COMPLETE
TURN OF 1:8
Fast Twist
 SCIENCE OF THE
MOTION OF
PROJECTILES AND THE
CONDITION
GOVERNING SUCH
Ballistics
MOTION
THE GREEK WORD OF
BALLISTICS WHICH
MEANS TO THROW

Ballo
 THE PARABOLA-LIKE OR
CURVE PATH FLIGHT OF THE
BULLET FROM THE TIME IT
LEAVES THE MUZZLE OF
THE FIREARMS

Trajectory
 THE UNSTABLE
MOVEMENT OF THE
BULLET WHILE ON
FLIGHT

YAW
 THE STRAIGHT
DISTANCE BETWEEN
THE MUZZLE OF THE
GUN AND THE TARGET

Range
 THE DISTANCE IN WHICH
THE SHOOTER HAS
CONTROL OF HIS SHOTS
MEANING HE CAN HIT AND
DESTROY THE TARGET
Effective/Accurate Range
 THE FARTHEST
DISTANCE TRAVELED
BY THE PROJECTILE

MAXIMUM Range
 DERIVED FROM THE GREEK
WORD “FORUM” WHICH MEANS A
MARKET PLACE
*

DEALING WITH THE APPLICATION

OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TO
LEGAL PROBLEMS
 TREATS OF THE
EFFECT OF THE
PROJECTILES
UPON IMPACT ON
THE TARGET
Terminal Ballistics
 THE SIZE OF THE
BULLET GROUPING ON
THE TARGET

Terminal Accuracy
 THE DEPTH OF ENTRY
OF THE BULLET IN THE
TARGET

Terminal Penetration
 THE ENERGY OF
PROJECTILE WHEN IT
STRIKES THE TARGET

Terminal Energy
SPEED OF THE BULLET
UPON STRIKING THE
TARGET

Terminal Velocity
THE SCIENCE OF FIREARM
IDENTIFICATION
THROUGH THE USE OF
THE AMMUNITION FIRED
THROUGH IT

Forensic Ballistics
 REFERS TO
HELICAL AND
CYLINDRICAL
GROOVES
WHICH CUT THE
SURFACE OF THE
BORE
Rifling's
THE DEPRESSED CHANNEL
CUT IN THE INTERIOR
SURFACE OF THE RIFFLED
GUN BARREL

GROOVES
REFERS TO THE RAISED/
ELEVATED PORTION OF
THE PROPELLED
PROJECTILE
GROOVE
MARKS
 THE ELEVATED PORTION
THAT SPINE WHICH IS
FOUND IN THE BORE OF THE
FIREARM

Lands
 THE DEPRESSED
ENGRAVINGS FOUND IN THE
FIRED BULLET.

Land marks
 THE SPINNING MOVEMENT
EITHER INSIDE OR OUTSIDE
THE FIREARM TO MAINTAIN
STABILITY OF THE BULLET
AND KEEP IT NOSE POINTED
IN A CONSISTENT DIRECTION.

Gyroscopic Action
 THE IGNITION OF THE OF
THE PRIMING MIXTURE TO
THE GUN POWDER WHICH
RESULTED TO BURNING OF
THE GUN POWDER.

Percussion Ignition
THE NOISE CREATED AFTER
THE PROJECTILE LEAVES
THE MUZZLE OF THE GUN

Muzzle Blast
IT STUDIES THE MOTION OF
PROJECTILE WHILE IT IS
INSIDE THE FIREARM FROM
BREECH FACE TO MUZZLE
POINT

Interior Ballistics
 A DEVICE USE TO MEASURE
THE CALIBER OF THE
FIREARMS AND
PROJECTILES
Caliper
DETERMINES THE SPEED OF
THE BULLET OR THE
MUZZLE VELOCITY OF THE
BULLET

CHRONOGRAPH
DETERMINES MEASURES
THE PICTH OF RIFLINGS

HELIXOMETER
 THE ENERGY IN MOTION,
WHICH IS APPLIED IN THE
MOTION OF PROJECTILE

Kinetic Energy
 THE BORE
DIAMETER
MEASURED
FROM LANDS TO
LANDS OF THE
RIFFLED-BORE
Caliber
FIREARMS

GUAGE
 THE ATTRIBUTES AND
MOVEMENTS OF THE
BULLET WHILE ON FLIGHT

Exterior Ballistics
 THE ACTUAL TUMBLING OF
THE PROJECTILE WHILE ON
FLIGHT OR THE SIDEWARD
HITTING OF THE
PROJECTILE TO THE TARGET

Key Hole Shot

 THE EQUAL AND OPPOSITE
REACTION OF THE GUN
AGAINST THE FORWARD
MOVEMENT OF THE BULLET
DURING DISCHARGE

Recoil of the Gun

 THE TENDENCY OF THE
BULLET TO BE DEFLECTED
FROM ITS NORMAL PATH
AFTER STICKING RESISTANT
SURFACE

Ricochet
 THE BALLISTICS REPORT OF
THE FIREARM EXAMINER AND
THE BALLISTICS EXHIBITS –
FIRED BULLETS, FIRED
SHELLS AND FIREARM AND
ALLIED EXHIBITS

Legal Proceedings
ENGLISH MONK AND
SCIENTIST, FOR THE
INVENTION OF GUNPOWDER

Roger Bacon
PRODUCED THE FIRST
PRACTICAL REVOLVER

Samuel Colt
THE FATHER OF MODERN
BALLISTICS

Col. Calvin H. Goddard

DESIGN AND INVENTED THE
SEMI AUTOMATIC US RIFLE,
CALIBER.30, M1

John C. Garand
THE LEGAL DEFINITION OF
FIREARMS STATE THAT IT INCLUDES
AIR RIFLES EXCEPT SUCH AS BEING
OF SMALL CALIBER AND OF LIMITED
RANGE USED AS TOYS. THIS
STATEMENT IS CORRECT

The statement is FALSE

AN EXAMPLES OF THIS FIREARM
ARE SHOTGUN AND MUSKETS WHICH
IS CHARACTERIZED OF HAVING NO
RIFLING

Smooth-bore firearms
FIREARMS THAT PROPEL
PROJECTILES MORE THAN ONE
INCH IN DIAMETER. AN EXAMPLE
OF WHICH ARE CANNONS,
MORTARS, BAZOOKAS

Artillery
THESE ARE FIREARMS HAVING
RIFLING IN THE BORE

Rifled-bore firearms
THOSE TYPES OF FIREARMS THAT
PROPEL PROJECTILES LESS THAN
ONE INCH IN DIAMETER. AND
THIS TYPE OF WEAPON CAN BE
HANDLED, MOVED AND OPERATED
BY ONE MAN

Small arms
A TYPE OF WEAPON WHICH FIRES OR
IS DESIGNED TO FIRE,
AUTOMATICALLY OR SEMI
AUTOMATICALLY, MORE THAN ONE
SHOT, WITHOUT MANUAL RELOADING,
BY A SINGLE PRESS OF THE TRIGGER

Machine Gun
AN ANCIENT SMOOTH-BORE AND
MUZZLE LOADING MILITARY
SHOULDER ARM DESIGNED TO FIRE
A SINGLE ROUND

Musket
A SMOOTH-BORE AND BREECH
LOADING SHOULDER ARM DESIGN
TO FIRE A NUMBER OF LEAD
PELLETS OR SHOTS IN ONE
CHARGE

Shotgun
SHORT BARREL RIFLE, WITH ITS
BARREL MEASURING NOT LONGER
THAN 22 INCHES

Carbine
MARKING OF THE EVIDENCE
CARTRIDGE CASE CANNOT BE DONE
IN

Base
A FIREARM EQUIPPED WITH A
ROTATING CYLINDER, SERVING AS
MAGAZINE, SUCCESSIVELY PLACES
A CARTRIDGE INTO POSITION FOR
FIRING

Revolver
THE FAILURE TO EXPLODE ON
TIME OR DELAY IN FIRING. IT
MAY BE DUE TO FAULTY
FUNCTIONING OF THE PRIMER OR
FAULTY IGNITION OF THE
PROPELLANT

Hangfire
WEAPON IN WHICH PRESSURE UPON
THE TRIGGER BOTH COCKS AND
RELEASES THE HAMMER

Double Action
TOTAL FAILURE TO DISCHARGE
EVEN TO START COMBUSTION

Misfire
AN ACTION IN THE WEAPON IN
WHICH PRESSURE UPON THE
TRIGGER RELEASES THE HAMMER,
WHICH MUST FIRST BE MANUALLY
COCKED

Single Action
Wooooo!!!!.....
THE STUDY OF SHOTS OR PELLETS
PROJECTILES IN THE CRIME FOR
FIREARM IDENTIFICATION

Shots Ballistics
THE STUDY OF WOUNDS PRODUCED
BY THE PROJECTILES

Wound Ballistics
THE PROJECTILE PROPELLED
THROUGH THE BARREL OF A
FIREARM BY MEANS OF THE
EXPANSIVE FORCE OF GASES
COMING FROM BURNING GUNPOWDER

Bullet
THE METAL CUP CONTAINING
THE HIGHLY SENSITIVE
PRIMING MIXTURE OF
CHEMICAL COMPOUND, WHICH
WHEN HIT OR STRUCK BY THE
FIRING PIN WOULD IGNITE.
SUCH ACTION IS COULD
“PERCUSSION”.

Priming CUP
THE POWDER CHARGE WHICH, WHEN
IGNITED BY THE PRIMER FLASH, IS
CONVERTED TO HEATED GAS UNDER
HIGH PRESSURE AND PROPELS THE
BULLET OR SHOTS CHARGE THROUGH
THE BARREL AND TO THE TARGET.

Gunpowder
THE TUBULAR
METALLIC
CONTAINER FOR THE
GUNPOWDER.
SOMETIMES “SHELL”
OR “CASING”

Cartridge Case
THOSE MADE OF LEAD OR ALLOYS
OF THIS METAL – LEAD, TIN AND
ANTIMONY – WHICH IS SLIGHTLY
HARDER THAN PURE LEAD

Lead Bullets
HAVE SOFT LEAD CORES INSIDE A
JACKET AND ARE USED AGAINST
PERSONNEL ONLY

Ball Bullets
THOSE MADE OF A CORE OF
LEAD COVERED BY A JACKET
OF HARDER MATERIAL SUCH AS
GILDING METAL, A COPPER-
ALLOY OF APPROXIMATELY 90%
COPPER AND 10% ZINC

Jacketed Bullets
HAVE HARDENED STEEL CORES AND
ARE FIRED AT VEHICLES AND
OTHER ARMORED TARGETS IN
GENERAL

Armor Piercing Bullets

CONTAIN A COMPOUND AT THE
BASE USUALLY SIMILAR TO
BARIUM NITRATES, WHICH IS SET
ON FIRE WHEN THE BULLET IS
PROJECTED

Tracer Bullets
THESE ARE USED ON TARGETS
THAT WILL READILY BURN SUCH
AS AIRCRAFT OR GASOLINE DEPOT

Incendiary Bullets
THE EQUIVALENT OF .22 CALIBER
TO MILLIMETER
5.59 mm
THE EQUIVALENT OF .38 CALIBER
TO MILLIMETER
9 mm
THE EQUIVALENT OF .45 CALIBER
TO MILLIMETER
11 mm
THE EQUIVALENT OF 12 GAUGE TO
INCH

.730 inch
A CERTAIN BULLET CAPABLE TO
MUSHROOM, A CAPACITY OF A
CERTAIN BULLET TO EXPAND ON
OR AFTER IMPACT

Hallow Point
THE FRENCH WORD OF CARTRIDGE
WHICH MEANS “ROLL OF PAPER

Charta
CARTRIDGE TYPE THAT CAN BE
FIRED ONLY IF THE CARTRIDGE
IS STRUCK BY THE HAMMER OR
FIRING PIN ON THE RIM OF THE
CASE

Rim Fire,
ACCORDING TO RIM,
RIMMED TYPE-(CAL .38, CAL .22)
SEMI-RIMMED TYPE-(.25, .32
AUTO, SUPER .38)
RIMLESS TYPE-(9MM,.45)
ACCORDING TO LOCATION OF
PRIMER
PIN-FIRE CARTR.
RIM-FIRE CARTR.
CENTER-FIRE CARTR.
THE FRENCH WORD OF BULLET

Boulette
A MACHINE OPERATION IN WHICH
CARTRIDGE CASES OF ALL TYPES
WAS MADE

Drawing
 The accumulation
of a deposit within
the bore of the
firearm caused by
solid products
Foulings remaining after a
cartridge is fired
 The hole in the web or
bottom of the primer pocket
through which the primer
“flash” provides ignition to
the powder charge

Vent
The serrated grooves that
are sometimes found
rolled into the necks and
bodies of the cases at the
location of the bases of
the bullet to prevent the
bullet from being pushed
back or loosened

Cannelures
 Casing
The following are not the parts
Shots
of the shotgun cartridge except

Bullet
 head stamp
The following which
contains the shell head
except
Caliber Primer
 Part of the mouth of the
case that is turned in upon
the bullet

Crimp
 circular grooves near the
base of the case or shell
designed for the automatic
withdrawal of the case after
its firing

Extracting Groove
The bottle neck cartridge is the
most modern center-fire rifle
cartridge case; this case form
provides the greatest powder
capacity commensurate with
overall case length. This
statement is false.
FALSE
Case form is very rare although
presently it is now being used
in the so called “Magnum Jet”
cartridge, caliber .22
Tapered
 Cases wherein the diameter of
the base of the cartridge case is
the same as the diameter of the
body of the cartridge case
Rimless
 Rimmed Cases generally designed
for revolvers and carbines, the
diameter of the base of the
cartridge is bigger than the body of
the cartridge. This case is seldom
recovered in the crime scene. This
statement is definitely true
True
 . A cartridge case were the
diameter of the rim is slightly
greater than the diameter of the
body
Semi-Rimmed
 The primer is embedded in the
center and it is considered as the
most common type ammunition
today

Center Fire
 Six grooves, right hand twist,
narrow lands and broader grooves
(6R G-2X)

Browning
 Four grooves, right hand twist,
narrow lands and broader grooves
(4R G-3X)

steyr,smith,browning,colt,webley,army

Army/Armalite
 Those that are determinable only
after the manufacture of the
firearm. Those are the irregularities
found on the inner surface of the
breech face of the breach black of
the firearms.
Individual Characteristics
The action in which the firing pin
hit the primer that will result
ignition

Percussion Ignition
 The father of percussion ignition

Alexander John Forsyth

 The percentage of Potassium
Nitrate in the composition of Black
Powder

75%
10% SULFUR,
15% CHARCOAL
Gun powder that does not give off
huge cloud of white smoke

Smokeless Powder
BLACK POWDER
SEMI-SMOKELESS
 Class of priming compound which
speeds the rusting and corrosion in
gun barrels

Corrosive
NON CORROSIVE
Marks found in the fired bullet
cause by worn-out barrel, oily
barrels and slightly oversized
bullets

Slippage Marks
 MARKS FOUND ON
BULLETS FIRED FROM THE
REVOLVER DUE TO A
POOR ALIGNMENT OF THE
CYLINDER OF THE BORE

SHAVING Marks
MARKS FOUND ON FIRED BULLETS
IN ITS FIRST IMPACT WITH THE
RIFFLINGS

SKID Marks
 The hardest part of the primer in
which in this portion the priming
mixture is crushed by a blow from
the firing pin

Anvil
PRIMING MIXTURE, PRIMING CUP,
DISC/PAPER DISK
 A device for catching test bullets
fired from the suspected firearms
or weapons

Bullet Recovery Box

A microscope especially designed to
permit workers to determine points
of similarity or difference between
two objects by observing their
multi-magnified images
simultaneously in a single
microscope field

Bullet Comparison Microscope

 It contains the PRIMER AND
SHELLHEAD

BASE
It contains the headstamp, caliber,
and year of manufacture

Shell head
The mechanical wearing out of the
surface of the gun barrel due to
usage or friction

Erosion
The mechanism in a firearm by
which the cartridge case is
withdrawn from the chamber

Extractor
The capacity of a certain bullets to
expand on or after impact, also the
term given to some soft hollow
point bullets

Mushroom
 The sitting side by side, facing the
same direction and magnification of
the evidence and questioned bullet
in the microscope
Juxtaposition
The face of the breech block which
comes in contact with the base of
the cartridge at the time of
explosion in the chamber

Breech Face
The cylindrical passage of
the barrel through which
the projectile travels
Bore
MUZZLE, MUZZLE END
INITIATE PATH OF THE
BULLET

Barrel
Priming system
which have two
flash holes
Berdan
BOXER
Republic ACT No. 10591
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR
A COMPREHENSIVE LAW
ON FIREARMS AND
AMMUNITION AND
PROVIDING PENALTIES
FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF
Class-A Light Weapons - < 7.66 MM

Class-B Light Weapons - > 7.66 MM

Antique firearm
any: (1) firearm which was manufactured at least
seventy-five (75) years prior to the current date but
not including replicas; (2) firearm which is certified
by the National Museum of the Philippines to be curio
or relic of museum interest; and (3) any other
firearm which derives a substantial part of its
monetary value from the fact that it is novel, rare,
bizarre or because of its association with some
historical figure, period or event.
Republic ACT No. 10591
Refers to the import; export,
acquisition, sale, delivery,
movement or transfer of firearms,
their parts and components and
ammunition, from or across the
territory of one country

ARMS SMUGGLING
RA 10591
Firearm deliberately made
incapable of performing its
main purpose of firing a
projectile.

Demilitarized firearm
Ballistics
Ballistics
Firearm the barrel, frame or receiver is
considered a firearm.
Firearms Information
Management System (FIMS)
refers to the compilation of all data and
information on firearms ownership and
disposition for record purposes.
Imitation firearm refers to a replica of
a firearm, or other device that is so substantially
similar in coloration and overall appearance
Ballistics
Light weapons are:
Class-A Light weapons which refer to self-loading
pistols, rifles and carbines, submachine guns,
assault rifles and light machine guns not
exceeding caliber 7.62MM which have fully
automatic mode
Class-B Light weapons which refer to weapons
designed for use by two (2) or more persons
serving as a crew, or rifles and machine guns
exceeding caliber 7.62MM such as heavy
machine guns, handheld under barrel and mounted
grenade launchers…less than lOOMM
Ballistics
Loose firearm refers to an unregistered
firearm, an obliterated or altered firearm, firearm
which has been lost or stolen, illegally
manufactured firearms
Major part or components of a firearm refers to
the barrel, slide, frame, receiver, cylinder or the
bolt assembly.
Ballistics
Permit to carry firearm outside
of residence refers to a written
authority issued to' a licensed
citizen by the Chief of the PNP
which entitles such person to carry
his/her registered or lawfully issued
firearm outside of the residence for
the duration and purpose specified
in the authority.
Ballistics
Permit to transport firearm refers to a
written authority issued to a licensed
citizen or entity by the Chief of the PNP
or by a PNP Regional Director which
entitles such person or entity to
transport a particular firearm from and
to a specific location, within the
duration. and purpose in the authority.
Ballistics
Ownership of Firearms and Ammunition
by a Juridical Entity.
(a) It must be Filipino·owned and duly
registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC);
Ballistics
professionals are considered to be
in imminent danger due to the
nature of their profession,
occupation or business:
(a) Members of the Philippine Bar;
(b) Certified Public Accountants;
(c) Accredited Media Practitioners;
(d) Cashiers, Bank Tellers;
Ballistics
professionals are considered to be
in imminent danger due to the
nature of their profession,
occupation or business:

(e) Priests, Ministers, Rabbi, Imams;

(f) Physicians and Nurses;
(g) Engineers; and
(h) Businessmen, who by the nature of
their business
Ballistics
Licenses Issued to Individuals. - individual may be
issued the appropriate license under the following
categories:
Type 1 license - allows a citizen to own and possess a
maximum of two (2) registered firearms;
Type 2 license - allows a citizen to own and possess a
maximum of five (5) registered firearms;
Type 3 license - allows a citizen to Own and possess a
maximum of ten (10) registered firearms;
Type 4 license - allows a citizen to own and possess a
maximum of fifteen (15) registered firearms; and
Type 5 license - allows a citizen, who is a cettified gun
collector, to own and possess more than fifteen (15)
registered firearms.
Ballistics
For Types 1 to 5 licenses, a vault or a
container secured by lock and key or other
security measures for the safekeeping of firearms
shall be required.
For Types 3 to 5 licenses, the citizen must
comply with the inspection and bond
requirements.
Ballistics
Unlawful Acquisition, or Possession of
Firearms and Ammunition. - The unlawful
acquisition, possession of firearms and
ammunition shall be penalized as follows:
(a) The penalty of prision mayor in its medium
period shall be imposed upon any person who shall
unlawfully acquire or possess a small arm
(b) The penalty of reclusion temporal to
reclusion perpetua ,shall be imposed if three (3) or
more smal). arms or Class-A light weapons are
unlawfully acquired or possessed by any person;
Ballistics
(c) The penalty of prision mayor in its
maximum period shall be imp03ed upon any
person who shall unlawfully acquire or possess a
Class-A light weapon;

(d) The penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be

imposed upon any person who shall' unlawfully
acquire or possess a Class-Blight weapon;
Absence of Permit to Carry Outside of Residence.
- The penalty of prision correccional and a fine
of Ten thousand pesos (1O,OOO.OO)
To God be the Glory Always