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Steady-State Analysis of DC Motors

This document discusses steady-state analysis of DC motors. It covers the construction of DC machines including their armature and commutator. It describes the different types of DC machines such as self-excited and separately excited machines. The document discusses armature reaction in DC machines and how current flow in the armature windings distorts the magnetic field. It also covers the power flow in DC machines and provides examples of equivalent circuits and magnetization curves of DC motors.

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Usama Rao
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47 views23 pages

Steady-State Analysis of DC Motors

This document discusses steady-state analysis of DC motors. It covers the construction of DC machines including their armature and commutator. It describes the different types of DC machines such as self-excited and separately excited machines. The document discusses armature reaction in DC machines and how current flow in the armature windings distorts the magnetic field. It also covers the power flow in DC machines and provides examples of equivalent circuits and magnetization curves of DC motors.

Uploaded by

Usama Rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Steady-State Analysis of DC Motors

1
Objectives

To understand the:
• Construction of DC machine
• Windings of DC machine
• Armature reaction in DC machine
• Types of DC machine
• The power flow in DC machine

2
DC Machines

A DC Machine

Armature along with


the commutator

3
Significant Features of DC Machines

• Conventional DC generators are being replaced by the


solid state rectifiers where ac supply is available.
• The same is not true for dc motors because of
– Constant mechanical power output or constant torque
– Rapid acceleration or deceleration
– Responsiveness to feedback signals
• Fractional hp to 10,000 hp
• Applications – in electric vehicles to extend their range
and reduce vehicle weight, in steel and aluminum rolling
mills, traction motors, electric trains, overhead cranes,
control devices, etc.

4
Constructional Features of DC Machines
• Commutator along with the armature
on the rotor
• Salient-pole on the stator and, except
for a few smaller machines,
commutating poles between the main
poles.
• Field windings (as many as 4):
– Two fields that act in a corrective
capacity to compensate the effects
of armature reaction, called the
commutating (interpole) and
compensating windings, which are
connected in series with the
armature.
– Two normal exciting field
windings, the shunt and series
windings

5
Armature Reaction

If a load is connected to the terminals of the dc


machine, a current will flow in its armature windings.
This current flow will produce a magnetic field of its
own, which will distort the original magnetic field from
the machine’s field poles. This distortion of the magnetic
flux in a machine as the load is increased is called the
armature reaction.

6
Schematic Connection Diagram of a DC Machine

7
Types of DC Machines

Both the armature and field circuits carry direct current in the case
of a DC machine.

Types:
Self-excited DC machine: when a machine supplies its own
excitation of the field windings. In this machine, residual
magnetism must be present in the ferromagnetic circuit of the
machine in order to start the self-excitation process.
Separately-excited DC machine: The field windings may be
separately excited from an eternal DC source.
Shunt Machine: armature and field circuits are connected in parallel.
Shunt generator can be separately-excited or self-excited.
Series Machine: armature and field circuits are connected in series.
8
Equivalent Circuit of a DC Machine

If
Ia_gen
+ +
If Ia_mot IL
+ Ra
Ra
Vf Rf Rf Vt
Vt
+ -
- Ea Ea Ia

- + -

Vf  I f Rf
Vt  Ea  I a Ra

9
Shunt and Separately
Excited (SE) DC Motor

10
SEDC motor Shunt DC motor

11
Magnetization curve
• As the field current increases, the EMF increases until the core
saturation.
• The magnetization curve is speed dependent.

12
Power flow in DC motor

𝑃
  𝑖𝑛 =𝑉 𝑡 . 𝐼 𝑡

  all copper losses

𝑃
  𝑑 = 𝐸 𝑎 . 𝐼 𝑎=𝑇 𝑑 . 𝜔

13
Ex-1

Solution

14
15
16
Ex-2

17
Ex-3

A12 kW, 100 V, 1000 rpm DC shunt motor


has 0.1 ohm armature resistance, and a
shunt field winding of 80 ohm resistance,
and 1200 turns per pole. The field current
is 1 A. the magnetization c/c is given at
1000 RPM. At no-load condition, the motor
runs at 1000 rpm, and the armature takes
6 amperes

18
In RPM

19
20
In RPM

21
22
Summary
In this lecture, you have learnt:
• Construction of DC motor.
• Different types of DC motors.
• Armature reaction effect
• Power flow in shunt DC motor

23

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