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Inca Civilisation II

The Inca civilization flourished between 1200-1532 AD in ancient Peru and extended across western South America. They built the largest empire in the Americas with spectacular infrastructure and adapted landscapes. The Incas had a complex society headed by an emperor and were conquered by the Spanish in the 1500s due to factors like disease and civil war.

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Pankhuri Sinha
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50 views

Inca Civilisation II

The Inca civilization flourished between 1200-1532 AD in ancient Peru and extended across western South America. They built the largest empire in the Americas with spectacular infrastructure and adapted landscapes. The Incas had a complex society headed by an emperor and were conquered by the Spanish in the 1500s due to factors like disease and civil war.

Uploaded by

Pankhuri Sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inca Civilization

1200-1532 A.D.
INTRODUCTION
• The Inca civilization flourished in ancient Peru from 1400 to 1533 CE.
• Their empire eventually extended across western South America from
Quito in the north to Santiago in the south.
• It was the largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in
the world at that time.
• Their spectacular adaptation of natural landscapes with terracing,
highways, and mountaintop settlements continues to impress modern
visitors at such world famous sites as Machu Picchu.
LOCATION
• Located in the Andes Mountains
of South America
• West Coast of South American in
Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Chile
and Argentina.
Inca Mythology
• Founded by Manco Capac in the beginning of 12th century.
• He was considered as the son of the sun god Inti.
• As the myth says, Manco Capac came up this valley from the south,
following the instructions of the sun god, he threw his golden staff
into the Cusco earth, and when the staff disappeared, suggesting the
land’s fertility, he founded his city Cuzco.
KINGDOM OF CUZCO

• Under the leadership of Manco Capac, Inca formed the small


city-state Kingdom of Cuzco.
• The administrative, political and military centre of the empire was
located in Cuzco.
• Language : Quechua
MACHU PICCHU
• Machu Picchu is located in the Cuco Region.
• Pachacuti started to build the Machu Picchu and the construction
finished at the end of the Tupac Inca Yupanqui’s period in 1493.
• Machu Picchu is located about 2,450 metres above the sea level.
• It was abandoned just over 100 years later, in 1572, as a belated
result of the Spanish Conquest.
• There’s a dispute among Archaeologists that Machu Picchu is either
sacred religious site or agricultural station.
Government system
• Ruled by an emperor called the Sapa Inca and had absolute control.
 Local Governors
 Officials (army officers, priests, noble class)
 Tax collectors
 Workers
• When Sapa Inca died, his son became the next ruler.
• The queen was called the Coya.
 Performed religious functions.
 Served in absence of Sapa Inca.
Economy & agriculture
• FARMING
 Created terraces farming.
Farmers spent a part of year on the lands of empire.
 Grew corn, potatoes, cotton, squash and beans.
 Government gave part of harvest to people and stored the rest.
• Mita System
 A kind of labour tax. Incas required all the taxpayers to work for a certain
period in each year for the empire.
 Women had to weave clothes.
Men had to cultivate and build structures.
Inca society
 4 Classes in the society :
• Sapa Inca
• Royal
• Noble
• Ayllu
 People lived in close communities called Ayllus.
 Ayllu lived in restricted area sharing land, crops and animals.
 Some woman can leave Ayllus for better life, who were called
Chosen Woman.
 People conquered by the Incans were put into the Incan Army.
Intellectual & artistic achievements
• Incas had no system of writing.
• Quipu measurement.
• Advanced medicine – antiseptics
and skull surgery.
• Gold and silver works.
• Calendar
• Musical Instruments
Record keeping
• Inca used Quipu for calculating numbers.
• They didn’t had any writing system and
instead they used Quipu (Khipu) to remember
and calculating numbers.
Inca art work
Clothing

Tupa Inca tunic Royal Family


religion
• Polytheistic.

• Viracocha was the creator god.


His son is Inti (sun god).

• The most important of which was


the son god Inti.
Human sacrifice
• HUMAN SACRIFICE WAS A PART OF
RELIGIOUS RITUAL.
• INVOLVED MAINLY CHILDREN.
• THIS HAPPENED AROUND AN IMPORTANT
EVENT.
• THEY USED TO HELD A FEAST, TOOK THEM
TO THE TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN GAVE
THEM SOMETHING TO INTOXICATE THEM.
• WERE EITHER STRANGLED,HIT ON THE
HEAD, OR LEFT TO DIE OF EXPOSURE
Inca architecture
• The Incas built the best planned
cities in ancient Americans.
• Most Incas cities did not have walls
around them.
• They built beautiful cities.
• Architecture was formal yet simple.
Weapons armour & warfare
• THE ARMOUR USED BY INCAS INCLUDED:
Helmets made up of wood, copper, bronze,
cane or animal skin; some were adorned with
feathers
Round or square shields made from wood.
• THE INCA WEAPONARY INCLUDED:
Bronze or bone-tipped spears.
Two handed wooden swords with serrated
edges.
Clubs with stones and spiked metal heads.
Stone or copper headed battle axes.
Inca civil war
• Sapa Inca, Huayna Capa sons,
Huascar and Atahualpa fought
over the Inca Empire.
• Their father had allowed each to
rule a part of the Empire as
regents during his reign, Huascar
in Cuzco and Atahualpa in Quito.
• When Huayna Capa died, his sons
went to war over who would
succeed their father.
conquest of inca
Decline of inca empire
• A Spanish expedition landed on Puna Island
led by Fraancisco Pizarro. Then they occupied
TUMBES.
• After receiving reinforcements, Pizarro
founded the city of SAN MIGUEL de PIUR.
• Spanish invaders grabbed the Sapa Inca and
killed most of his soldiers.
Causes of decline
• The whole empire was wiped out
due to smallpox.
• Sapa Inca Huayna Capac died of
smallpox.
• Incas disappeared because they
didn’t prepare themselves to
fight with the invaders.
• They had no powerful and wise
leader.
conclusion
Inca empire was a large, powerful and sophisticated ancient civilization.
Despite the challenges it faced like the civil war, such as the difficult
geography, enormous population and communication issues, the
civilization still thrived and expanded. The Inca empire was eventually
conquered by the Spanish, but its legacy – in ruins, in artefacts and in
descendants still lives today.
Thank you

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