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Lecture 2. Types of Research Design.

This document compares and contrasts quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Quantitative research focuses on identifying cause-and-effect relationships through predefined variables and hypotheses, aims for objectivity by distancing the researcher, and uses numerical data like frequencies and means. Qualitative research focuses on understanding people's experiences through emergent variables and methods, sees the researcher as integral to the process, and uses open-ended, narrative data. Some key differences are that quantitative research often divorces behavior from context and manipulates variables, while qualitative research studies behavior naturally.

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Ittba Rafique
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48 views

Lecture 2. Types of Research Design.

This document compares and contrasts quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Quantitative research focuses on identifying cause-and-effect relationships through predefined variables and hypotheses, aims for objectivity by distancing the researcher, and uses numerical data like frequencies and means. Qualitative research focuses on understanding people's experiences through emergent variables and methods, sees the researcher as integral to the process, and uses open-ended, narrative data. Some key differences are that quantitative research often divorces behavior from context and manipulates variables, while qualitative research studies behavior naturally.

Uploaded by

Ittba Rafique
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quantitative and Qualitative

Research Design
Difference Between Quantitative and
Qualitative Approaches to Research

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

1. Focuses on identifying 1. Focuses on understanding


cause-and effect relationships how people experience and
interpret events in their lives
among variables
Difference Between Quantitative and
Qualitative Approaches to Research
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

2. The variables to be studied 2. The variables to be studied


and Methods to be used are and methods to be used emerge
from the research’s experiences
defined in advance by theories in the research context and are
and hypotheses derived from modified as the research
theories and remain unchanged situation changes.
throughout the study.

3. To promote objectivity, the 3. The researcher is inseparable


researcher keeps a psychological part of the research process; the
researcher’s experiences not only
and emotional Distance from the those of the research situation
research. changes.
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

4. Frequently studies behavior is 4. Studies behavior in its natural


divorced from its natural context and studies the
Interrelationship of behavior
context (such as in laboratory and context
research

5. Frequently studies behavior 5. Studies behavior as it


by Manipulating it (as in naturally occurs
experiments)

6. Data are numerical- 6. Data are open-ended-


frequencies, description of behavior,
Means, and so forth
narrative responses to interview
question, and so forth
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

7. Tries to maximize internal validity 7. Tries to maximize ecological


validity

8. Focuses on the average behavior 8. Focuses on both the similarities


of people in a population and differences in individual
experiences and both the similarities
and differences in ways in which
people interpret their experiences
Types of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design

Types of Quantitative Research Types of Qualitative Research

Descriptive Methods • Interpretative Phenomenological


• Observation Analysis
• Correlation
• Survey/ Cross Sectional Research • Grounded Theory
Experimental Methods • Narrative Psychology
• Independent Group Design • Conversation Analysis
• Repeated Measure Designs • Discourse Analysis
• Complex Designs
• Single Case Research Design • Focus Group
• Quasi Experimental Research • Thematic Analysis
Design

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