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Atom

Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are the basic building blocks that make up everything in the physical world. Scientists have developed several models of the atom over time to explain its structure and behavior based on experimental evidence. The current atomic model shows atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in motion in empty space.

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Kenneth Frias
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45 views

Atom

Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are the basic building blocks that make up everything in the physical world. Scientists have developed several models of the atom over time to explain its structure and behavior based on experimental evidence. The current atomic model shows atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in motion in empty space.

Uploaded by

Kenneth Frias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matter &

The Atom
Matter
The term matter describes all of the
physical substances around us: your
table, your body, a pencil, water, and
so forth
Matter
Anything that has
mass and takes up
space (has volume)
Made up of different
kinds of atoms
Matter
Includes all things
that can be seen,
tasted, smelled, or
touched
Does not include
heat, sound, or light
Matter is made of atoms
Models
Models are often used for
things that are too small or too
large to be observed or that
are too difficult to be
understood easily
Models
In the case of atoms, scientists use
large models to explain something that
is very small
Models of the atom were used to
explain data or facts that were gathered
experimentally.
So, these models are also theories
Early Models of the Atom
Democritus
Universe was made
of empty space and
tiny bits of stuff
Called these tiny bits
of stuff atomos
Atoms could not be
divided
Early Models of the Atom
Lavoisier
Demonstrated that
burning wood
caused no change
in mass
Law of Conservation
of Matter
Early Models of the Atom
Dalton
All elements are composed of indivisible
particles.
Atoms of the same element are the same
Atoms of different elements are different.
Compounds consisted of atoms of different
elements combined together
Early Models of the Atom
Thomson
Plum pudding model
Atom made of a
positively charged
material with the
negatively charged
electrons scattered
through it.
Early Models of the Atom
Rutherford
Mostly empty space
Small, positive
nucleus
Contained protons
Negative electrons
scattered around the
outside
Early Models of the Atom
Bohr

Electrons move in
definite orbits
around the nucleus
Early Models of the Atom
Chadwick

Discovered the neutron


Modern Model of the Atom
The electron cloud
Sometimes called
the wave model
Spherical cloud of
varying density
Varying density
shows where an
electron is more or
less likely to be
Atomic Structure
Nucleus
– Protons
– Neutrons
Electrons
Atomic Structure
Electrons
Tiny, very light particles
Have a negative electrical charge (-)
Move around the outside of the nucleus
Atomic Structure
Protons
Much larger and heavier than electrons
Protons have a positive charge (+)
Located in the nucleus of the atom 
Atomic Structure
Neutrons
Large and heavy like protons
Neutrons have no electrical charge
Located in the nucleus of the atom 
Atomic Structure
Describing Atoms
Atomic Number = number of protons
In a neutral atom, the # of protons = the
# of electrons
Describing Atoms
Atomic Mass Number - equal to the
number of protons plus neutrons.

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