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Hematology: Ang, Karl Justin L., Mti University of Santo Tomas 4D-MT

The document provides an overview of common blood cells and laboratory procedures for identifying them. It includes descriptions of white blood cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. It details their normal values, sizes, nuclear shapes, granule colors, and clinical significance. The document also outlines red blood cell development from early normoblasts to mature erythrocytes. Finally, it shows neutrophil development from early myeloblasts to segmented neutrophils.

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Karl J. Ang
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86 views

Hematology: Ang, Karl Justin L., Mti University of Santo Tomas 4D-MT

The document provides an overview of common blood cells and laboratory procedures for identifying them. It includes descriptions of white blood cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. It details their normal values, sizes, nuclear shapes, granule colors, and clinical significance. The document also outlines red blood cell development from early normoblasts to mature erythrocytes. Finally, it shows neutrophil development from early myeloblasts to segmented neutrophils.

Uploaded by

Karl J. Ang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEMATOLOGY

A Guide to Identifying Blood Cells and Common Laboratory procedures

ANG, KARL JUSTIN L., MTI


UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
4D-MT
“MEMORIZE THE TABLE”
WBC DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
• Identify and count every leukocyte
• 100 (at least), 200, 500 or 1000 leukocytes are counted
• 100 is commonly used
• The count for each leukocytes is expressed in percentages
• ABSOLUTE COUNTS
• relation of the percentage of a particular leukocyte to the total leukocyte count (WBC
count)
• General Formula: Percentage of the Leukocyte x WBC Count
NEUTROPHILS
• Size: Average of 12 um.
• Generally smaller than monocytes and eosinophils
• Aka segmenters or polymorphonuclear leukocytes
• Generally larger than lymphocytes and basophils
• multilobed (3-5 lobes) nuclei and has lilac-colored granules (pinkish) in the cytoplasm
• Band Neutrophil
• Younger forms of neutrophils
• nuclei assumes a U-shape or S-shaped
• Reported separately in the differential count

• CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
• Normal Value: 60-70%
• increased in bacterial infections or in some cases, stressful situations
• hypersegmentation: indicative of megaloblastic anemias
EOSINOPHILS
• Size: Average of 13 um.
• Generally slightly larger than the neutrophil, larger than the basophil and smaller than a monocyte.
• Bilobed nuclei
• Large red granules in the cytoplasm
• CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
• Normal Values: 3-5%
• Increased in drug allergies and parasitic infections
• Inflammatory responses handled by eosinophils can produce remnants called charcot-leyden crystal
in the stool
BASOPHILS
• Size: Generally smaller than neutrophils, eosinophils and
monocytes
• Bilobed or trilobed nuclei
• Has large basophilic (dark blue) granules that are haphazardly
arranged in the cytoplasm
• Normal Value: 0-1%
• Clinical significance:
• Preventing blood clotting (it has heparin)
• Mediating allergic reactions
MONOCYTES
• Size: 14 to 20 um
• The largest of the leukocytes
• Two to three times the diameter of an RBC.
• Single nuclei , partially lobulated , deeply indented or horseshoe shaped
• Abundant light gray cytoplasm sometimes with vacuolation
• Normal Values: 1-4%
LYMPHOCYTES
• Size: 6-10 um
• Round nuclei that is deeply stained blue with visible chromatin
• Scant to abundant cytoplasm generally without granules
• Normal Value: 20-30%
• CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
• Infection (bacterial, viral, other)
• Cancer of the blood or lymphatic system
• autoimmune disorder
BLAST CELLS/IMMATURE CELLS
• Usually larger than the normally seen leukocytes
• Have a large, blue nuclei with scant cytoplasm
• CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
• Neoplastic process present in the bone marrow if blast cells are present in
your peripheral smear
OTHER IMPORTANT CELLS
RBC DEVELOPMENT

• Nucleus size decrease


• Cytoplasm size increases
• Cell become less color blue, as it
matures
BN= Basophilic
normoblast

PN= Polychromatic
normoblast

BN and PN would
generally have the same
nucleus size. To
differentiate them look at
cytoplasm. Cytoplasm of
BN would generally be
bigger than PN, but also
“bluer” than PN. In this
case, the cytoplasm of
BN and PN is roughly the
same size, so we look at
the color. Since the color
of of the cell in the (2nd
pic) is bluer than the (3rd
pic) the 2nd pic is
considered to be BN.
PROERYTHROBLAST

Orange= proerythroblast
Red= polychromatophilic erythroblast
BASOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST
Polychromatic erythroblast
Orthochromic normoblast (metarubricyte)
Polychromatic (polychromatophilic)
erythrocyte or reticulocyte
The residual RNA imparts the bluish tinge to
the cytoplasm. Based on the Wright-stained
appearance, the reticulocyte is called a
polychromatic erythrocyte because it lacks a
nucleus and is no longer an erythroblast but
has a bluish tinge.
Erythrocyte
• Alam mo na yan matanda ka na.
Suggested source:
https://doctorlib.info/hematology/rodak-
hematology-clinical-principles-applications/9.html

De jk lng Ito erythrocyte hehe….


NEUTROPHIL DEVELOPMENT
MYELOBLAST
• Earliest recognizable
stage
• cells are large with
large nuclei and loose
chromatin, some
primary granules may
be seen
PROMYELOCYTE
• Cell begins to decrease
in size, and chromatin
• begins to compact, with
nucleus often appearing
as eccentric
• primary granules are
prominent
Myelocyte
• Cell continues to
decrease in size, and
chromatin continues to
compact into a round
nucleus
• last stage capable of
mitosis
• Secondary granules are
formed
Metamyelocyte
• Cell continues to decrease
in size, chromatin
continues to compact into
a kidney bean shape;
• secondary and tertiary
granules are formed
Band neutrophil
• Nucleus shows
compact chromatin
that is shaped into a
horseshoe form
• tertiary and secretory
granules are formed
Segmented neutrophil
• Nucleus begins to
segment into three to
four lobes, each
attached by a threadlike
nuclear filament
• secretory granules are
formed
MEGAKARYOCYTES

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