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Chapter 2. Motion in One Dimension

The document discusses concepts of kinematics including position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and examples of calculating these values. It defines important terms like displacement and distance, average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration, and provides examples of calculating displacement, velocity, and acceleration for objects moving at constant and variable rates. Examples include calculating the velocity of a runner and position of a jet plane upon landing and stopping within a given time interval.

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Vincent Eucapor
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68 views

Chapter 2. Motion in One Dimension

The document discusses concepts of kinematics including position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and examples of calculating these values. It defines important terms like displacement and distance, average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration, and provides examples of calculating displacement, velocity, and acceleration for objects moving at constant and variable rates. Examples include calculating the velocity of a runner and position of a jet plane upon landing and stopping within a given time interval.

Uploaded by

Vincent Eucapor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motion in One Dimension

Kinematics

The study of bodies in motion without


considering the interactions that
influence the motion
Position

A particle’s position x is the location of


the particle with respect to a chosen
reference point that we can consider to
be the origin of a coordinate system.
Position
Position t(s) x(m)
A 0 30
B 10 52
C 20 38
D 30 0
E 40 -37
F 50 -53
Position-Time Plot
Position t(s) x(m)
A 0 30
B 10 52
C 20 38
D 30 0
E 40 -37
F 50 -53
Displacement
•  
Displacement Vs. Distance
Displacement Vs. Distance
Distance is the length of a path followed by
a particle.
Distance is always a positive number while
displacement cane be a either positive or a
negative number.
Distance is scalar quantity while
displacement is a vector quantity.
Position-Time Plot
Position t(s) x(m)
A 0 30
B 10 52
C 20 38
D 30 0
E 40 -37
F 50 -53
Average Velocity
•  
Average Velocity
•  
Average Velocity

The average velocity of a particle


moving in one dimension can be
positive or negative, depending on
the sign if the displacement.
Average Velocity
Average Speed Vs. Average Velocity

•  
Further Example
Find the displacement, average
velocity, and average speed of the car
between positions
A and F.
Solution
 
Instantaneous Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
 
Example
 
Particle Under Constant Velocity
 
Example
A kinesiologist is studying the biomechanics of the human
body. She determined the velocity of an experimental
subject while he runs along a straight line at a constant
rate. The kinesiologist starts the stopwatch at the moment
the runner passes a given point and stops it after the
runner has passed another point 20 m away. The time
interval indicated in the stopwatch is 4 s.
a. What is the runners velocity?
b. If the runner continues his motion after the stopwatch is
stopped, what is his position after 10 s have passed?
Acceleration

The changing of an object’s velocity


with time is called acceleration.
Average Acceleration
 
Negative Acceleration

Negative acceleration doesn’t


necessarily mean an object is
slowing down. If the acceleration is
negative and the velocity is also
negative, the object is speeding up!
Deceleration

The word deceleration means a


reduction in speed, a slowing down.
Instantaneous Acceleration
 
Example
 
Particle Under Constant Acceleration
 
Example
A jet lands on an aircraft carrier at a speed of 140
mi/h (63 m/s).
a. What is its acceleration (assumed constant) if it
stops in 2 s due to an arresting cable that snags
the jet and brings it to a stop?
b. If the jet touches down at xi = 0, what is its final
position?
Example
A race car starting from rest accelerates at a
constant rate of 5 m/s^2.
(a) What is the velocity of the car after it has
traveled 100 ft?
(b) How much time has elapsed?
Example
A car traveling at a constant speed of 24 m/s
passes a trooper hidden behind a billboard, as in
the figure. One second after the speeding car
passes the billboard, the trooper sets off in chase
with a constant acceleration of 3 m/s^2.
(a) How long does it take the trooper to overtake
the speeding car?
(b) How fast is the trooper going at that time?
Example
A typical jetliner lands at a speed of 160 mi/h and
decelerates at the rate of (10 mi/h)/s. If the plane
travels at a constant speed of 160 mi/h for 1 s after
landing before applying the brakes, what is the
total displacement of the aircraft between
touchdown on the runway and coming to rest?

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