WELCOME TO MY ENCYCLOPEDIA

HERE WE WILL LEARN

ABOUT:
1. GEOSTATIONARY
SATELLITES
2. POLAR SATELLITES
1. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES
• A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite in geosynchronous
orbit, with an orbital period the same as the Earth's rotation
period. Such a satellite returns to the same position in the sky
after each  sidereal day , and over the course of a day traces
out a path in the sky that is typically some form of analemma.
A special case of geosynchronous satellite is
the geostationary satellite, which has a geostationary orbit –
a circular geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth's
equator.
• Geostationary satellites have the unique property
of remaining permanently fixed in exactly the
same position in the sky as viewed from any
fixed location on Earth, meaning that ground-
based antennas do not need to track them but can
remain fixed in one direction. Such satellites are
often used for communication purposes;
a geosynchronous network is a communication
network based on communication with or
through geosynchronous satellites.
HERE IS AN
EXAMPLE OF
GEOSTATION
ARY
SATELLITES
Geostationary satellites appear
to be fixed over one spot
above the equator. Receiving
and transmitting antennas on
the earth do not need to track
such a satellite. These
antennas can be fixed in place
and are much less expensive
than tracking antennas. These
satellites have revolutionized
global communications, televisio
n broadcasting and weather
forecasting, and have a number
of
important defense and intellige
-nce applications.
 ROTATION OF
GEOSTATIONARY
SATELLITES
Disadvantages of geostationary
satellites
A disadvantage of geostationary
satellites is the incomplete geographical
coverage, since ground stations at higher
than roughly 60 degrees latitude have
difficulty reliably receiving signals at
low elevations. Satellite dishes at such
high latitudes would need to be pointed
almost directly towards the horizon. The
signals would have to pass through the
largest amount of atmosphere, and could
even be blocked by land topography,
vegetation or buildings. In the USSR, a
practical solution was developed for this
problem with the creation of
special Molniya / Orbita inclined path
satellite networks with elliptical orbits. 
Advantages of Geostationary satellites
There are some
advantages of geo-
stationary satellites:
1.Get high temporal
resolution data.
2.Tracking of the
satellite by its earth
stations is simplified.
3.Satellite always in
same position.
POLAR SATELLITES
• The Global Geospace
Science(GGS) Polar satellite was a NASA science
spacecraft designed to study the
polar magnetosphere and aurorae. It was
launched into orbit in February 1996, and
continued operations until the program was
terminated in April 2008. The spacecraft remains
in orbit, though it is now inactive.
• It was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin, and
launched at 11:23:59.997 UTC on February 24, 1996 aboard
a McDonnell Douglas Delta II 7925-10 rocket from launch
pad 2W at Vandenberg Air Force
Base in Lompoc, California,to study the
polar magnetosphere.
• The spacecraft was placed into a highly elliptical orbit
with apogee at 9 Earth radii and perigee at 1.8 Earth radii
(geocentric), 86 degrees inclination, with a period of around
18 hours. The apogee was initially over the northern polar
region, but has since been precessing south at about 16° per
year.
HERE IS A
PICTURE OF
POLAR
SATELLITE
Polar is a cylindrical satellite of 2.4
meters in diameter and 1.8 meters in
height built by the "Astro Space"
division of Martin Marietta. WIND is a
stabilized satellite rotation at a speed of
10 rpm about its axis which is
maintained perpendicular to the plane
of the ecliptic. A platform that serves
as support for certain instruments
(including imaging) require that their
field of view is fixed is fixed to the top
of the satellite and rotates in the
opposite direction. Satellite walls are
covered with solar cells that provide
440 watts of electricity including 186
W are used by the scientific
instruments. The satellite has a mass of
1297 kg, including 269 kg of
propellant and 264 kg payload. It is
designed for a minimum lifetime of 2
years. Scientific data are stored on a
digital recorder with a capacity of
1.3 gigabits and transmitted at a rate
between 56 and 512 kb. Polar is the
twin satellite of Wind.
Difference between Polar satellite and Geostationary
satellite
Geostationary Satellite Polar Satellite
• Geostationary satellites revolve • Polar satellites revolve in polar
in equal orbits and completes orbits and take less time to
one circle of the earth in 24 complete one circle of the Earth.
hours.
• They are placed at a height of
• They are placed at a height of 500800 km from the surface of
36000km from the surface of the the Earth.
Earth.

• Used as Remote sensing satellite,

• Used as common satellites. weather detection, and also for
science and environment related
studies.