Scribd
Upload
113 views

Modern Architecture-1

Modern architecture emerged in the late 18th and 19th centuries in response to industrialization and new building materials. It aimed to suit the needs of mass housing, factories, and other new building types. Key architects like Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, and Frank Lloyd Wright rejected historical styles and ornamentation in favor of simplified geometric forms determined by structure and function. Modernism established in the 1920s emphasized materials like steel, concrete, glass and their expressive structural possibilities. Important modernist buildings include the Eiffel Tower, Villa Savoye, Crystal Palace, and Fallingwater.

Uploaded by

Anuj Somani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
113 views

Modern Architecture-1

Modern architecture emerged in the late 18th and 19th centuries in response to industrialization and new building materials. It aimed to suit the needs of mass housing, factories, and other new building types. Key architects like Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, and Frank Lloyd Wright rejected historical styles and ornamentation in favor of simplified geometric forms determined by structure and function. Modernism established in the 1920s emphasized materials like steel, concrete, glass and their expressive structural possibilities. Important modernist buildings include the Eiffel Tower, Villa Savoye, Crystal Palace, and Fallingwater.

Uploaded by

Anuj Somani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

MODERN

ARCHITECTURE
Submitted By
Smriti Saraswat
Sonal Agarwal
Shubham Sharma
INTRODUCTION
Period :- Late 18th
th Century and 19 th century

 Modern architecture is a term


given to a number of building
styles with similar characteristics
developed to suit the masses

 Includes mass housing ,


shopping centres , factories ,
office buildings , etc
Origin Of Modern Architecture
Period :- Late 18th
th Century and 19 th century


 Group of architectsscope
The technological , mines Van
and der Rohe
social , Leof
context
Corbusier
architecture , Frank Lloyd Wrightattered
were brofoundlly . Madebya Revolt
against
industrialoldrevolution
traditionalthat
concepts andconcept
traditional adopted
new
aboutrevolutionary
the purpose style modern architecture.
& appearance of building lost
their validity.
 It is design by technological and engineering
 developments
In 1840 , leading during industrial
artists revolution.
, designers developed
new approaches to architecture.
 Availabity of new materials such as iron ,
steel , concrete , and glass.
Development Of Modern Architecture
Period :- Late 18th
th Century and 19 th century

 New sence of space was allied to the search for a new


kind of architcture to meet the needs of life in 20 th
century.
 Easy availability of materials such as steel , Iron
concrete & glass.
 New aesthetic principles.
Characteristics Of Modern Architecture

Period :- Late 18th


th Century and 19 th century

 Rejection of historial styles.

 Materials and requirements


( functional )determine the result.

 Rejection of ornamentation.

 Use of geometric forms.

 Simplification of form.

 Adoptation of exposed structure.

salk institute
Modernism And movements
Modernism:- established in 1920.

Modernism was started by :-

Le Corbusier in Ludwig Mies Van Der Walter


France Rohe in Germany Gropius in
Germany.
Modernism And movements
Modernism:- established in 1920.

De Stijl:-

 Aim of the movement to create volumetric


subtleties with planes related at 90 degree
 Surfaces in white or primary colours
 Elimination of unnecessary detail
 Avoidance of symmetry and repetition
 Geometric discipline
Modernism And movements
Modernism:- established in 1920.

Brutalism:-
 Brutalism is an architectural styleflourished
from 1950s to 1970s

 The early style was inspired by swiss


architect,le corbusier and of ludwig mies
van der rohe.

 Brutalist buildings are usually formed with:-

 Geometric and repetative shape


 Revealing textures of wooden forms
 Normally rough,unadorned poured concrete
 This style was “celebration of concrete”
 For example ,boston city hall
Modernism And movements
Modernism:- established in 1920.

Critics :

 The abstract nature of brutalism makes the


style:

 Unfriendly and uncommunicative

 For example-the location of the entrance of


the brutalist structure is rarely obvious to
the visitor.
New materials
steel

 Most suitable structural material for


framing of hugecellular buildings.

 Produced uninterrupted spans over


openings.

 Steel members can be rolled in shapes


such as,plates,angles,I beams,etc.

 This resulted into rigid continuous


structures thus producing the
fundamental change in architectural
design.
New materials
Reinforced cement concrete
 Massive stone walls were replaced by
R.C.C curtain walls.

 Produce large interior spaces

 Roofs took wide range of shapes- flat to


barrel vault,to shell roof. Hemispherical
domes to hyperbolic and parabolic
domes.
New materials
Prestressed concrete

 This was a new material which helped


beyond imagination.

 Used in the construction of bridges and


hangers of air ships etc.
New materials
Glass

 Transparent to ultra voilet rays but


opaque to infra red rays(heat).

 Extensively used instead of


shades,blinds and curtains.

 Sheets of one way glass was largely


employed in windows.
New materials
Lamination and plywood and plastics

 Lamination consists of glued layers of


wood.

 Helps to form beams and arches to


cover a large span.

 Plywood enable to cover surfaces


without extensive frame work.

 Plastics were available in different


Colours.

 Available in forms of sheets,rods,rolls


and pipes.
Five points of modern architecture
Le corbusier gave the five points :-

 Lift the building on the coloumn off the ground.

 Replace the ground covered by building’s


footprint with the roof terrace.

 Let long windows stretch across the


facade , and from side to side of rooms.

 Let the plan be free flowing.

 Let the façade be free composition ,able


to respond to light, views or compositional
effect.
Key buildings of modern architecture
Eiffel tower

 Named after its designer, engineer


Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built
as the entrance arch to the
1889 World's Fair.

 The tower stands 324 metres


(1,063 ft) tall, about the same
height as an 81-storey building.

 Three hundred workers joined


together 18,038 pieces of puddled
iron (a very pure form of
structural iron), using two and a
half million rivets, in a
structural design by Maurice
Koechlin
Key buildings of modern architecture
Eiffel tower

 The pig iron structure of the Eiffel Tower


weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire
structure, including non-metal components,
is approximately 10,000 tonnes.

 Careful examination of the tower shows a


basically exponential shape.

 the lower section overdesigned to ensure


resistance to wind forces.

 In order to maintain a uniform appearance


to an observer on the ground, three
separate colours of paint are used on the
tower, with the darkest on the bottom and
the lightest at the top.
Key buildings of modern architecture
Eiffel tower

 The only non-structural elements are


the four decorative grillwork arches.

 which served to reassure visitors that


the structure was safe, and to frame
views of other nearby architecture.
 
Key buildings of modern architecture
Villa savoye

 Villa savoye was designed by Le


corbusier in 1928-1929.

 An early and classic exemple of the


"International Style", which hovers
above a grass plane on thin
concrete.

 with strip windows, and a flat roof


with a deck area, ramp, and a few
contained touches of curvaceous
walls.
Key buildings of modern architecture
Villa savoye

 The plan was set out using the


principle ratios of the Golden section:

 In this case a square divided into


sixteen equal parts, extended on two
sides to incorporate the projecting
façades and then further divided to
give the position of the ramp and the
entrance.

 
Key buildings of modern architecture
Villa savoye

Ground floor plan First floor plan


Key buildings of modern architecture
Villa savoye

Elevation Section
Key buildings of modern architecture
Crystal palace

 It was built to house the


great industrial exhibition of
 
1851.
 

 The Crystal Palace was a


cast-iron and glass building
originally erected in
Hyde Park

 Designed by Joseph Paxton,


the Great Exhibition building
was 1,851 feet (564 m) long,
with an interior height of 128
feet (39 m).
Key buildings of modern architecture
Crystal palace

 
Key buildings of modern architecture
Crystal palace

Section
Key buildings of modern architecture
Crystal palace

Details
Key buildings of modern architecture
Falling water

 located in bear run,pennsylvania


 

 Designed by frank lloyd wright in


1937.

 For the kaufmann family.

 An example of wright’s belief that


a
building’s form should be
determined
by its environment.
Key buildings of modern architecture
Falling water

 Wright's passion for


  Japanese architecture was strongly
reflected in the design of Fallingwater,
particularly in the importance of
interpenetrating exterior and interior
spaces .

 The projecting cantilevered roof


eaves, continuous bands of art-glass
windows, and the use of Roman brick
emphasize the horizontal, which had
rich associations for Wright.
Key buildings of modern architecture
Falling water

 For the cantilevered


  floors, Wright and his
team used upside down T-
shaped beams integrated
into a monolithic concrete
slab which both formed
the ceiling of the space
below and provided
resistance against
compression.
Key buildings of modern architecture
Falling water

Site plan
Key buildings of modern architecture
Falling water

plan
Key buildings of modern architecture
Falling water

Elevation
Key buildings of modern architecture
Falling water

Section
Bibliography

Books :-

 
 History of architecture , Kenneth Frampton
 Oral history of architecture , by Peter
 Architecture today , by James steele.

Internet :-

 Encarat
 www.greatbuildings.com
 www.amazon.com
 www.yahoosearch.com
 www.encyclopedia.com

You might also like