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Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) : By, A Hari Kishan 191PG08005

This document discusses dynamic light scattering (DLS), a technique used to determine particle size in suspension. DLS works by measuring how light scattered from particles is correlated over time due to Brownian motion. Smaller particles move faster and scatter light more rapidly than larger particles. A correlator analyzes fluctuations in scattered light intensity to determine particle diffusion and size. DLS provides hydrodynamic particle diameters and can characterize solutions, but is limited to particles under 1000nm and does not measure actual particle dimensions.

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hkharikishanhk
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66 views

Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) : By, A Hari Kishan 191PG08005

This document discusses dynamic light scattering (DLS), a technique used to determine particle size in suspension. DLS works by measuring how light scattered from particles is correlated over time due to Brownian motion. Smaller particles move faster and scatter light more rapidly than larger particles. A correlator analyzes fluctuations in scattered light intensity to determine particle diffusion and size. DLS provides hydrodynamic particle diameters and can characterize solutions, but is limited to particles under 1000nm and does not measure actual particle dimensions.

Uploaded by

hkharikishanhk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dynamic light

scattering (DLS)

By,
A Hari Kishan
191PG08005
Outlin
e What is DLS
 Application
 Brownian motion
 Stoke’s Einstein equation : Relating particle size to particle
motion
 How DLS works
 The correlation function
 How correlator work
 limitation of DLS
What is Dynamic light
Scattering
• Particle size can be determined by measuring the random
change in intensity of light scattered from suspension.
• It measure and interpolate the light scattering up to
microsecond
• So it measure real time intensity, thus measuring
the dynamic
properties
Size distribution
Hydrodynamic radius
Diffusion coefficient
Application Of
DLS
• We measure Hydrodynamic Size of nanoparticle ,protein
and biomaterial
• We can also study stability of nanoparticles as function of
time

•Good for detecting the aggregation of the particles

Other Then these


• Required small volume of sample

• Complete recovery of sample after measurement

• Sample preparation is not required for the


measurement
Brownian
motion
• Brownian motion is the fundamental of this instrument

• Brownian motion of the particle is random motion due to the


bombardment by the solvent molecule surround them.

• Brownian motion of the particles are related to size.

• It describes the way in which very small particles move in fluid


suspension
Stoke’s Einstein Equation:
Relating particle size to particle
motion
• This random motion is modeled by the Stokes-Einstein
equation.

𝒌𝑻
d=
𝟑Пŋ 𝑻 𝑫

• d is the hydrodynamic radius of the particle ,the diameter of


the sphere that has same diffusion coefficient as the particle.

• Temperature of the measurement must be stable ,as the


viscosity of the liquid.
Hydrodynamic
radius
• “The size of a hypothetical hard sphere that diffuses in the
same fashion as that of the particle being measured”
How DLS
Works
• In DLS we measured the speed at which the particles are
diffusing due to Brownian motion.
• Speed of diffusion is measured by measuring the rate at which
the intensity of the scattered light fluctuates.
• Small particles causes the intensity to more fluctuate than
larger.
• It measure the diffusion coefficient by using
correlation function.
How these fluctuation in
scattered light arises ?
For the particle in Brownian
motion a speckle pattern
is observed where the
position of each speckle is
seen to be in constant
motion Because the phase
addition from moving
particle is constantly
evolving and forming new
pattern.

Speckle Pattern for a


sample containing
Stationary Particle
Experimental setup of the
DLS
LASER

Detector

Attenuator 173°
Digital
signal
Processer
Sample 90° ,Correlator
cell
Detector Software for
Scattered light data analyzer
DLS
signal
Obtained optical signal shows random change due to random change
in the position of the particle.
The “ noise “ is actually the particle motion and will be used to measure the particle
size.
Correlation
function
• A correlation function is statistical correlation between
random variables at two different points in space or time,
usually as a function of the spatial or temporal distance
between the points.

• Within the correlation curve all of the information


regarding the diffusion of particles within the sample being
measured.

• Correlator construct correlation function G(τ), of the scattered


intensity

G(τ)=<I(t).I(t+τ) ,τ is delay time


 If the intensity at time t is
Cont compared with the intensity at
time t+δt, there will be a strong
. correlation between two
signal.

 Correlation of a signal arriving


from random source will decrease
with time.

 If the particle will large the


signal will changes slowly and
correlation will sustain for long
time.
Correlogram

Typical intensity fluctuations


for large and small particles and
Corresponding Correlogram
How the correlator
works
• It is a signal comparator. It is design to measure the similarity
between two signals or one signals with itself with varying
time.
• The correlogram give many information the time at which the
correlation starts significantly decay is an indication of
mean size of the sample
• The steeper the curve the more mono disperse the sample
is. More extended the decay becomes the greater the
polydispesity.
Correlation function
for monodispresed
Particle
For monodispersed particle in Brownian motion , the
correlation [G] function is an exponential decaying function
of decay time τ

G(τ) =A[1+Bexp(-2Г τ)]

Delay constant (Г) is related to the diffusion coefficient of


the particle ,D

Г=𝑫𝒒𝟐
q is the scattering vector which is given by

𝟒П𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜃 /𝟐
and q=)
𝝀
The correlation function
for polydisperse particle
• G(τ) =A[1+Bexp(2(-Г’ τ+ẚ/2+----)]
Г’ is delay constant
Г’=𝑫′𝒒𝟐
D’ is the diffusion coefficent of the And by
ẚ𝟐
Polydispersity Index = Г’
• measure the distribution of size in our
sample.
• for monodisperse it is about 0.01-0.05 but the
value greater than 0.7 indicate that sample has a very
broad size distribution.
Limitation of
DLS
• We measure the hydrodynamic radius of the particle, not able
to measure the actual size of the particle

• The particles having size greater than 1000nm are not


measured by this method

• Size of Solid particles are not measured by DLS


Reference
• DLS technical note www.malvern.co.uk
• http://www.wyatt.eu/
• Dynamic Light Scattering for Nanoparticle Size Analysis
- HORIBA

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