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(1) The document provides an introduction to different types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, desktop PCs, portable computers, and handheld computers. (2) It describes the basic components of a computer system including the central processing unit (CPU), which contains the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers to process data. (3) Input and output devices are discussed along with storage and other components like the system bus, RAM, motherboard, and cache.

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Asim Imran
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23 views

It 1

(1) The document provides an introduction to different types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, desktop PCs, portable computers, and handheld computers. (2) It describes the basic components of a computer system including the central processing unit (CPU), which contains the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers to process data. (3) Input and output devices are discussed along with storage and other components like the system bus, RAM, motherboard, and cache.

Uploaded by

Asim Imran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intro.

to Information
Technology
Lecture: 01
What is inside?
• Total Marks
• Passing Marks
• Paper Type
• Duration
• Exam Environment
Study Plan
Study Plan
Exam Weightage Time
Intro to Computing 10% -5 Questions
MS Excel 40%-20 Questions
MS Word 30%-15 Questions
MS Powerpoint 20%-10 Questions
Introduction to computer systems

• Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with


Information. The term computer is derived from the Latin
term ‘computare’, this means to calculate or programmable
machine. Computer can not do anything without a Program.
Introduction to computer systems
Types of Computers
• The computers used in IT systems range from the very large
supercomputers to the very small hand-held computers. In many
organizations, different computers are connected to each other to form a
network.
• The different types of computer that you might encounter as an accountant
would typically include: Super computer, Main frames, Mini Computer
etc.
Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as
compared to a general-purpose computer.
• Used only in the very largest systems – e.g. complex calculations in
climate and global weather predictions, molecular modelling, national
defense and aerospace
Mainframes
• A mainframe computer is a very large computer capable of handling and
processing very large amounts of data quickly. They are used by large
institutions, such as government agencies and large corporations.
Mini Computers
• Less powerful than mainframe computers although not portable like
smaller models below and used in business transactions processing. For
e.g. database management and file handling.
Desktop Personal Computers
• A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size,
capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use. Personal
computers are intended to be operated directly by an end user, rather than
by a computer expert or technician.
Portable Computers
• A portable computer is a computer designed to be easily moved from
one place to another and included a display and keyboard; such as laptops
Handheld computers
• Given the speed of technological advancement in today’s fast-moving
world there is an increasing number of ever evolving variations on the
above forms. For example, hand-held computers (or PDAs: personal data
assistants) and even many smart-phones (mobile phones with large touch-
sensitive input screens) have much of the functionality found on PCs.
Input devices
• an input device is a piece of computer hardware equipment used to
provide data and control signals to an information processing system such
as a computer or information appliance. Examples of input
devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras, joysticks,
and microphones.
Storage
• Storage is a process through which digital data is saved within a
data storage device by means of computing technology. Storage is a
mechanism that enables a computer to retain data, either temporarily or
permanently. Storage may also be referred to
as computer data storage or electronic data storage.
Output Devices
• An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which
converts information into human-readable form. It can be text, graphics,
tactile, audio, and video. Some of the output devices are Visual Display
Units (VDU) i.e. a Monitor, Printer, Graphic Output devices, Plotters,
Speakers etc.
Central Processing Unit
• A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor or
main processor, is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries
out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic
arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified
by the instructions.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• The brain of a computer is the central processing unit (CPU) – sometimes


referred to as a microprocessor. This part contains all the electronic
circuitry that the computer needs to manipulate data and execute
instructions. The CPU is where most calculations take place.
• The CPU comprises three basic components:
• Control unit
• Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
• Registers
Processing Types
• Multi Processing
• Multicore Processing
Control unit

• The control unit is responsible for directing the flow of instructions and
data. The control unit extracts instructions from memory (via the bus – see
below), decodes them then executes them based on the data provided.
• The control unit also controls the input and output devices and all the
passing of data to the ALU for computation.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs all the mathematical and logical
calculations. The ALU is comprised of complex electronic circuitry that
can add, subtract, multiply, divide and perform many other calculations.
Registers

• Registers are special memory locations within the CPU that can be
accessed extremely fast. These are used to store the data that is to be
executed next by the control unit.
Some Other Components
• System Bus
• RAM
• Motherboard
• Cashe
Input Devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse/trackball
• MICR
• OMR
• OCR
• Touch Sensitive Screens/Touchpads
• Voice Data Entry
• PoS
• Digital Cameras

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