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Operational Amplifier: Op Amp High Input Impedance Low Output Impedance

An operational amplifier (OP-AMP) is a high-gain differential amplifier with high input impedance and low output impedance. It has two input ports (inverting and non-inverting) and one output port. An OP-AMP can be used in single-ended or double-ended input configurations. In double-ended input, the output voltage is equal to the differential gain multiplied by the difference between the two input voltages. The common-mode rejection ratio is a measure of an OP-AMP's ability to reject common-mode input signals.

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Parth Gupta
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67 views

Operational Amplifier: Op Amp High Input Impedance Low Output Impedance

An operational amplifier (OP-AMP) is a high-gain differential amplifier with high input impedance and low output impedance. It has two input ports (inverting and non-inverting) and one output port. An OP-AMP can be used in single-ended or double-ended input configurations. In double-ended input, the output voltage is equal to the differential gain multiplied by the difference between the two input voltages. The common-mode rejection ratio is a measure of an OP-AMP's ability to reject common-mode input signals.

Uploaded by

Parth Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

An operational amplifier or OP AMP


is a very high gain differential
amplifier with high input impedance
and low output impedance.
A basic OP AMP has 2 input and 1 output

+ VCC

7
2
- 5
INPUT 6
VO , OUTPUT
+
3 1
4

- VCC
LM 741 OP AMP IC PIN ASSIGNMENT

NULL OFFSET 1 1 8 COMP


OP-AMP LM741 IC Pin Assignment

INVERTING INPUT 2 7 +Vcc

NONINVERTING INPUT 3 6 Output

- Vcc 4 5 NULL OFFSET 2


SINGLE ENDED INPUT 

Single ended Input operation results when the


input signal is connected to one input and
with the other input is connected to the
ground.
SINGLE ENDED INPUT 
+ VCC

7
2
-
6 VO

+
3 4

- VCC

Grounded
DOUBLE ENDED INPUT 

Vd  V2  V1 A double-ended input can be designed


using a single input or using double
inputs
DOUBLE ENDED INPUT
WITH

SINGLE INPUT
+ VCC

2 7
-
6 VO
Vd
+
3 4

- VCC
Single input
DOUBLE ENDED INPUT
WITH

DOUBLE INPUT
+ VCC

2 7
-
6 VO
V2
+
3 4

V1
- VCC

TWO INPUTS
DOUBLE ENDED INPUT 

For the double input circuit the supplied


voltage is equal to the difference between
the two input signals.

Vd  V2  V1
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT

When separate inputs are applied to the op-


amp, the resulting difference signal is the
difference between the two inputs.

Vd  V1  V2
COMMON INPUT

When both input signals are the same, a


common signal element due to the two inputs
can be defined as the average of the sum of
the two signals.

1
VC  V1  V2 
2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE

The resulting output voltage of any op-amp can


be defined as,

VO  AdVd  AcVc

Where, Ad = Differential gain of the amplifier


Ac = Common-mode gain of the amplifier
OPPOSITE POLARITY INPUTS

If an ideal opposite polarity inputs, V1 = Vs and


V2 = –Vs are applied to an op-amp,

The resulting differential voltage, Vd is defined as

Vd  Vs    VS   2Vs
OPPOSITE POLARITY INPUTS

The resulting common voltage, Vc is defined as


1
Vc  Vs    Vs    0
2

So, the resulting output voltage, Vo is,

Vo  2 Ad V s
SAME POLARITY INPUTS

If an ideal same polarity inputs are applied to


an op-amp V1 = V2 = VS

The resulting differential voltage, Vd is defined as

Vd  Vs  VS   0
SAME POLARITY INPUTS

The resulting common voltage, Vc is defined as


1
Vc  Vs  Vs    Vs
2

So, the resulting output voltage, Vo is,

Vo  AcVs
COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO

Having obtained Ad and Ac , we can now


calculate a value for the common-mode rejection
ratio (CMRR), which is defined by the following
equation,

Ad Ad
CMRR  or CMRR(log)  20 log
Ac Ac

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