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Tribhuvan University Institute of Engineering: Thapathali Campus

This document summarizes a presentation comparing lead acid and lithium-ion batteries. It describes the key components and workings of each battery type. For lead acid batteries, it discusses the use of lead and lead peroxide plates and sulfuric acid electrolyte. It explains the chemical reactions during charging and discharging. For lithium-ion batteries, it outlines the carbon negative electrode, metal oxide positive electrode, and lithium salt electrolyte. It also provides high-level details on how lithium ions move between the electrodes during use. The presentation concludes by comparing several characteristics of lead acid and lithium-ion batteries.

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Jeevan khatry
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59 views

Tribhuvan University Institute of Engineering: Thapathali Campus

This document summarizes a presentation comparing lead acid and lithium-ion batteries. It describes the key components and workings of each battery type. For lead acid batteries, it discusses the use of lead and lead peroxide plates and sulfuric acid electrolyte. It explains the chemical reactions during charging and discharging. For lithium-ion batteries, it outlines the carbon negative electrode, metal oxide positive electrode, and lithium salt electrolyte. It also provides high-level details on how lithium ions move between the electrodes during use. The presentation concludes by comparing several characteristics of lead acid and lithium-ion batteries.

Uploaded by

Jeevan khatry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
THAPATHALI CAMPUS

PRESENTATION ON
“Energy Storage: Battery (Details of Lead Acid vs Li-ion battery)”

Presented by:
 Bishal Karna THA075BIE008
 Gyani Raj Luitel THA075BIE013
 Laxman Shrestha THA075BIE017
 Sadip Khadka THA075BIE032
Lead Acid Battery
 The battery uses sponge lead and lead peroxide for
the conversion of the chemical energy into electrical
power.
 In the charged state, the chemical energy of the
battery is stored in the potential difference between
the pure lead at the negative side and the PbO2 on
the positive side, plus the aqueous sulfuric acid.
 In the discharged state both the positive and negative
plates become lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4), and
the electrolyte loses much of its dissolved sulfuric
acid and becomes primarily water.
Fig 1.1: Lead Acid Battery
Contd…
 Lead Acid Battery is made up of container, plates,
active material, separators and battery thermals.
 The container is made of glass, ebonite, etc
whereas plate consists some sort of grid formed
from alloy of lead and antimony.
 Active Materials in lead acid battery are lead
peroxide, sponge lead and dilute sulphuric acid.
 The separators are thin sheets of non-conducting
material grooved vertically on one side and are Fig 1.2: Construction of lead acid
smooth on the other side. battery
LEAD ACID BATTERY (WORKING
PRINCIPLE)
 When the sulfuric acid dissolves, its molecules
break up into positive hydrogen ions (2H+) and
sulphate negative ions (SO4—) and move freely.
 If the two electrodes are immersed in solutions and
connected to DC supply then the hydrogen ions
being positively charged and moved towards the
electrodes and connected to the negative terminal
of the supply. 
 The SO4— ions being negatively charged moved
towards the electrodes connected to the positive Fig 1.3: Working Principle
terminal of the supply main (i.e., anode).
Contd…

 Each hydrogen ion takes one electron from the


cathode, and each sulphates ions takes the two
negative ions from the anodes and react with water
and form sulfuric and hydrogen acid.
 The oxygen, which produced from the above
equation react with lead oxide and form lead
peroxide (PbO2.) Thus, during charging the lead
cathode remain as lead, but lead anode gets
Fig 1.4: Charging and Discharging
converted into lead peroxide, chocolate in color.
Lithium-ion Battery
 A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery is a type
of rechargeable battery used for portable electronics
and electric vehicles.
 The three primary functional components of a
lithium-ion battery are the positive and negative
electrodes and electrolyte. Generally, the negative
electrode of a conventional lithium-ion cell is made
from carbon. The positive electrode is typically a
metal oxide. The electrolyte is a lithium salt in
an organic solvent.
 The electrochemical roles of the electrodes reverse
between anode and cathode, depending on the Fig 2.1: Lithium-ion Battery
direction of current flow through the cell.
Contd…
 In the batteries, lithium ions move from the
negative electrode through an electrolyte to the positive
electrode during discharge, and back when charging. Li-ion
batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as the material at
the positive electrode and typically graphite at the negative
electrode.
 A single Li-ion cell is charged in two stages: 1) Constant
Current 2) Constant Voltage
 A Li-ion battery (a set of Li-ion cells in series) is charged in Fig 2.2 Lithium Ion Battery Discharge
three stages: 1) Constant Current 2) Balance 3) Constant
Voltage
 During the constant current phase, the charger applies a
constant current to the battery at a steadily increasing voltage,
until the voltage limit per cell is reached.
Lead Acid vs Lithium Ion
Contd…
Thank You!

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