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Introduction - Principle of Operation - Hardware - Software - Graphical User Interface - Mathematical Description - Results - Conclusion - References

This document describes the speed control of a 0.25HP DC motor using a chopper circuit and PLC. It includes the hardware components, software, GUI, mathematical models, and experimental results. The chopper circuit provides variable voltage to the motor for speed control. The PLC implements PID control and different operating modes. The GUI allows selecting direction, speed control, and tracking modes. Experiments show the motor able to track reference speeds in different modes.

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Ravi Kashyap
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56 views

Introduction - Principle of Operation - Hardware - Software - Graphical User Interface - Mathematical Description - Results - Conclusion - References

This document describes the speed control of a 0.25HP DC motor using a chopper circuit and PLC. It includes the hardware components, software, GUI, mathematical models, and experimental results. The chopper circuit provides variable voltage to the motor for speed control. The PLC implements PID control and different operating modes. The GUI allows selecting direction, speed control, and tracking modes. Experiments show the motor able to track reference speeds in different modes.

Uploaded by

Ravi Kashyap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contents

• Introduction
• Principle of Operation
• Hardware
• Software
• Graphical User Interface
• Mathematical Description
• Results
• Conclusion
• References
Introduction
• Four Quadrant Operation of any drives or DC Motor means that the machine
operates in four quadrants.
• They are Forward Braking, Forward motoring, Reverse motoring and Reverse
braking.
• A motor operates in two modes – Motoring and Braking

• In a Chopper fed DC Motor, the average output voltage could be varied by


periodically switching the battery voltage on and of for varying intervals
• Chopper Control is implemented using various controllers such as FPGA, DAQ, PIC, FLC in
conjugation with PI Controllers.
• Implementation of Real time editing of PI constants eliminates the need for the system to
be first turned off for application of changes.
• If the system is turned off, changes are applied and then turned on, Ideal tuning might not
have happened and the process again needs to be repeated consuming a lot of time.
• Ideal tuning can be obtained by Real time editing of the PI constants making the
commissioning process much faster and less cumbersome.
• 2 Analog inputs and 2 Digital outputs of the PLC are used to control the motor.
• The Programming need not be changed.
• Speed Control is implemented by changing the rating of Switches used in the Chopper
Circuit.
• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) has been used for Real time monitoring
of Speed from Remote Locations.
Principle of Operation
• The proposed system is implemented for the speed control of a 0.25HP, 220V,
1.35A, DC motor using a Micrologix 1400 PLC and IGBT based chopper circuit.

Block Diagram
• Circuit diagram of Experimental Setup
• For a particular direction of rotation, only two IGBT’s are operated thus reducing switching
losses.
• Gating Pulses are Provided to S1 and S2 for clockwise motor Operation and to S3 and S4 for
anticlockwise motor Operation.
• The circuit that is implemented and operated in two quadrant known as type D chopper.
• Chopper can increase or decrease the DC voltage level at its opposite side. So, chopper serves
the same purpose in DC circuit transfers in case of ac circuit. So it is also known as DC
transformer.
• Thus, the class E chopper is operated as class D chopper in either direction of motor rotation.
• To vary speed in either direction duty cycle is varied from 50% to 100% . To stop the motor
duty cycle less than 50% is applied and then decreased to zero.
• 3 Modes of Operation for motor have been Implemented :
i. Speed Control Mode – Starts, runs at desired speed and stops.
ii. Sinusoidal Input Tracking Mode – Tracks sinusoid reference speed
iii. Step Input Tracking Mode – Tracks Step changes in reference speed.
Hardware
• Tacho-Generator : Provides feedback to the PLC .
Produces 90 V at rated speed.
• Analog Card : Converts the analog values to digital values and sends it to PLC.
Accepts input voltage up to 10V.
• Resistive Divider Circuit : Used to integrate the tacho-generator with the analog
extension card.
• IGBT gating circuit (15 V Input) : But gating Pulses have 24V Peak Magnitude.
• TLP 250 opto-isolator IC : To overcome the Voltage mismatch.
• Voltage sensor(LEM LV 25-P) and current probe (Tektronix A622) : used to analyze
armature voltage and current on DSO.
Software
• Micro English software : Development of Ladder logic program for control of PLC.
• RS View 32 software : Creation of interactive graphical user interface (GUI) to
operate the developed laboratory prototype.
• To implement various modes such as smooth starting, sinusoid and step input
tracking, timers, counters, sinusoid and move blocks are used.

• Speed Reference from


GUI : (Set Point) Scaling and PID FILE
• Speed Reference from arithmetic
Analog Extension Card : blocks
(Process Variable)

Duty cycle field


Control variable
of PWM function
file
file
Graphical User Interface
• The GUI for operation of the laboratory prototype has been developed using RS
view 32 software.
• Selector switch selects the direction of rotation of motor.
• The start and stop buttons are used for soft starting and regenerative breaking
respectively in either direction.
• The motor rotation speed is changed by varying the set point using slider.
• Tracking mode button is provided to navigate to another window where automatic
sinusoidal speed tracking is done.
Mathematical Description
• Transient Equations for DC motor :

• Ripple Equations to calculate maximum and minimum variations in values of


current :
• Class D Chopper Wave forms :
Results
• Speed Control Mode :

In case of stopping the motor, the program reduces duty cycle from 50% to 0% so that
motor kinetic energy is fed back to DC bus where additional load is attached, thus
facilitating regenerative breaking.
• Sinusoidal Input Tracking Mode :

The motor is able to track speed reference satisfactorily showing that PID tuning by
manual mode operation is quite good.
• Step Input Tracking Mode :

It is evident that PID response depends on the transition magnitude. In this case, it gave
critical damping for -1100 to 600 rpm speed transition, while for most of the others, the
response is under damped. High current peaks are observed during speed reversal with
the current rising from zero to the peak, then decreasing to stable value.
References
• https://altairuniversity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Class-D-chopper.pdf
• Circuit Globe : Four Quadrant operation of a DC Motor.
• IEEE Paper : Implementation and analysis of PLC SCADA controlled closed loop four
quadrant speed control of chopper fed DC motor .
• [1] G. Rajeshkanna, “Modern speed control of separately exciteddc motor by boost
converter fed field control method”,Proc. 2013 Int. Conf. on Computer
Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2013), Jan. 09 – 11, 2013, Coimbatore,
INDIA
• [2] RamazanBayindir, SeyfettinVadi, FulyaGoksucukur,“Implementation of a PLC and
OPC-based DC motor control laboratory”,Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Power Engg.,
Energy and Elect. Drives, Istanbul, Turkey, 13- 17 May 2013
• [3] Jonqlan Lin, Y.S. Li, and J. Chang, “Variable-speed control on PLC with PC-based
by fuzzy approach for a novel ladder-climbing trainer”, Proc. 2013 IEEE Int. Conf. on
Control Applications (CCA)Part of 2013 IEEE Multi-Conf. on Systems and Control
Hyderabad, India, August 28- 30, 2013

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