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Constructional Features and Functions of Hydraulic Control Elements

This document discusses various types of hydraulic control valves including directional control valves, pressure control valves, and flow control valves. It focuses on directional control valves, describing their construction and functions. Common types of directional control valves are poppet valves, spool valves, and rotary valves. Pilot-operated and solenoid-operated valves are also discussed.

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Utpal Kant
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
81 views

Constructional Features and Functions of Hydraulic Control Elements

This document discusses various types of hydraulic control valves including directional control valves, pressure control valves, and flow control valves. It focuses on directional control valves, describing their construction and functions. Common types of directional control valves are poppet valves, spool valves, and rotary valves. Pilot-operated and solenoid-operated valves are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Utpal Kant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES AND

FUNCTIONS OF HYDRAULIC
CONTROL ELEMENTS

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES


PRESSURE CONTROL VALVES
FLOW CONTROL VALVES
SERVO VALVES
SOLENOID AND PILOT OPERATED
VALVES
• ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN ANY
FLUID POWER SYSTEM IS CONTROL

• IN ABSENCE OF CONTROL COMPONENTS, THE ENTIRE


SYSTEM WILL NOT FUNCTION AS REQUIRED

• FLUID POWER IS CONTROLLED PRIMARILY THROUGH THE


USE OF CONTROL DEVICES CALLED ‘‘VALVES’’

• THERE ARE THREE BASIC TYPES OF CONTROL DEVICES

• Directional Control Valves

• Pressure Control Valves

• Flow Control Valves


DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
(DCV)
• USED TO CONTROL THE DIRECTION OF FLOW
IN A HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
• CONTAINS PORTS (EXTERNAL OPENINGS)
THROUGH WHICH FLUID CAN ENTER AND
LEAVE
• THE NO. OF PORTS ON A DCV IS IDENTIFIED
USING THE TERM ’’WAY’’
• E.G. A VALVE WITH FOUR PORTS IS A FOUR-
WAY VALVE EVEN IF ONE OF THE PORTS IS
BLOCKED WITH A THREADED PLUG SO THAT
THE PORT CANNOT BE USED
POPPET VALVE
• IN POPPET VALVE, SIMPLE DISCS,
CONES OR BALLS ARE USED IN
CONJUCTON WITH SIMPLE VALVE
SEATS TO CONTROL FLOW.

3/2 WAY
DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL VALVE
(POPPET)
POPPET VALVE
• POPPET VALVES ARE SIMPLE,
CHEAP AND ROBUST.
• FORCE NEEDED TO OPERATE THEM.
• THESE VALVES ARE USED IN LOW
PRESSURE, MAINLY IN PNEUMATIC
SYSTEMS.
SPOOL VALVE

SLIDING SPOOL VALVE


• SLIDE SPOOL VALVES ARE
CONSTRUCTED WITH A SPOOL
MOVING HORIZONTALLY WITHIN THE
VALVE BODY.
• SPOOL CAN BE OPERATED BY
BUTTON, LEVER OR STRIKER,
REMOTLY WITH SOLINOID.
ROTARY VALVE
• ROTARY VALVES CONSISTS OF A
ROTATING SPOOL WHICH ALINGH WITH
HOLES IN THE VALVE CASING TO GIVE THE
REQUIRED OPERATION.

• ROTARY VALVES ARE COMPACT, SIMPLE


AND LOW OPERATING FORCES.

• USED IN PNEUMATIC SYSTEM ONLY


R A R
ROTOR
A

A R B A
P
P B

4/3 WAY DIRECTIONAL CONTROL


VALVE (ROTARY)
PILOT OPERATED VALVES

LARGE CAPACITY PNEUMATIC VALVES AND


HYDRALIC VALVES, THE OPERATING FORCE
REQUIRED TO MOVE THE VALVE IS LARGE. IF
THE REQUIRED FORCE IS TOO LARGE FOR A
SOLONOID OR MANUAL OPERATION, A TWO
STAGE PROCESS CALLED PILOT OPERATION IS
USED.
PILOT OPERATED VALVE
PILOT-ACTUATED VALVE
• DCV CAN BE SHIFTED BY APPLYING AIR PRESSURE
AGAINST A PISTON AT EITHER END OF THE VALVE
SPOOL
• SPRINGS (AT BOTH ENDS OF THE SPOOL) PUSH AGAINST
CENTERING WASHERS TO CENTER THE SPOOL WHEN
NO AIR IS APPLIED
• WHEN AIR IS INTRODUCED THROUGH THE LEFT END
PASSAGE, ITS PRESSURE PUSHES AGAINST THE PISTON
TO SHIFT THE SPOOL TO THE RIGHT
• REMOVAL OF THIS LEFT END AIR SUPPLY AND
INTRODUCTION OF AIR THROUGH THE RIGHT END
PASSAGE CAUSES THE SPOOL TO SHIFT TO THE LEFT.
• HENCE, IS A 4-WAY, 3-POSITION, SPRING CENTERED, AIR
PILOT ACTUATED DCV
SOLENOID-ACTUATED VALVE
• WHEN THE ELECTRIC COIL (SOLENOID) IS ENERGIZED,
IT CREATES A MAGNETIC FORCE THAT PULLS THE
ARMATURE INTO THE COIL
• THIS CAUSES THE ARMATURE TO PUSH ON THE PUSH
ROD TO MOVE THE SPOOL OF THE VALVE
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL TWO WAY
VALVE
• Air-operated (air-
piloted),2-way
• Poppet type
construction
provides a tight
shutoff, and
variations in the
pilot air pressure
or main line
pressure do not
affect the
operation of valve
• Long life
3 WAY AND 4 WAY VALVE --DCV

• 3 WAY, PUSH BUTTON DCV


• 3 PORT, MULTIPURPOSE VALVES, AND ANY
PORT CAN BE PRESSURIZED
• FORCE REQUIRED TO OPERATE THESE
VALVES IS 2.5 LB
PALM-BUTTON DCV
LIMIT VALVE

• NORMALLY ACTUATED BY A CYLINDER


PISTON ROD AT THE ENDS OR LIMITS OF ITS
EXTENSION OR RETRACTION STROKES
HAND-LEVER-OPERATED 4 WAY DCV

• HAND LEVER IS USED WITH 2 OR 3 POSITION VALVES


• HAND MOVEMENT OF THE LEVER CAUSES THE SPOOL
TO MOVE
• LEVER IS DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE SPOOL
THREE-WAY AND FOUR-WAY VALVES

• A COMMON METHOD TO BLOCK A VALVE PORT


IS TO SIMPLY SCREW A THREADED PLUG INTO
THE PORT OPENING
• MOST DCV USE A SLIDING SPOOL TO CHANGE
THE PATH OF FLOW THROUGH THE VALVE
• FOR A GIVEN POSITION OF THE SPOOL, A
UNIQUE FLOW PATH CONFIGURATION EXISTS
WITHIN THE VALVE
• DCV ARE DESIGNED TO WORK WITH TWO OR
THREE POSITIONS OF THE SPOOL
Four-way valve used as a three-way valve

• THE T PORT IS BLOCKED AND THUS ONLY


THREE PORTS (A,B & P) ARE USED
• SPOOL POSITION I: FLOW CAN GO FROM P
TO B. PORT A IS BLOCKED BY THE SPOOL
• SPOOL POSITION II: FLOW CAN GO FROM
P TO A. PORT B IS BLOCKED BY THE
SPOOL
FOUR-WAY VALVE
• FLOW CAN GO THROUGH VALVE IN FOUR
UNIQUE WAYS DEPENDING ON SPOOL POSITION
• SPOOL POSITION I: FLOW CAN GO FROM P TO A
& B TO T
• SPOOL POSITION II: FLOW CAN GO FROM A TO T
& P TO B

• 3-WAY VALVES CAN BE USED TO DIRECT PUMP


FLOW TO EITHER OF TWO DIFFERENT PARTS OF
A CIRCUIT
• 4-WAY VALVES USED TO CONTROL DOUBLE
ACTING HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

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