Team 5

Nonny Rabiyantie
Nur Rahmah
Rossy Indah Shagita
M. Algar
Daniel Efraim

Press Democracy In Living ‘s

People
A. Indonesian Press in a Democratic Society
1. The Press
Base on literal, the press comes from the word pers
(Netherlands), or press (England), or presse (France). In language
of Latin, the press comes from pressure from word premere which
means press or print. Press has been knowed to the public as a
kind of mass media. The press interpreted as a newspapers or
magazine.
Press has many meanings. In general, press is mean all of work
from the tools of mass communication for meeting the needs of
public will be entertainment, news, and information. In book of
“The History and Progress Press” decide press has 2 meaning.
There are wide and light. The press is widely is like mass media
(radio, TV, film, magazine). The press is light is like newspaper,
magazine, tabloid or bulletin.
In Law number 40 1999 about press,
press is institutions and mass
communications that carry out
journalistic activities, is like search,
acquire, having, keep, make, and convey
the information, whether in the form of
writing, sound, and picture.
2. Indonesian Press Development
Indonesian press divided 3 periods there are press
colonial period, press china period, and press nation
period. The press colonial period is releases published in
Dutch colonial times to the interests of colonizers. The
press china period is press china, Indonesia, or Dutch
language who published the Chinese. The press nation
period is press release issued by Indonesian people to
support the national struggle.
National press is what will develop into the Indonesian
press. Indonesia begins development of the press since the
day of the movement, Japanese occupation, physical
revolution, liberal democracy, guided democracy, the new
order, and reform.
a. the period of the national movement
Press this period serves as a tool of struggle. Press voicing the
suffering, pain, suffering people also became the driving tool and
supporting the struggle. Example of the movement of the press is as
follows:
1. Newspaper of Darmo Kondo published by Nieu we Drukkij Tjo
Tjoe Kwan in the Warung Palem Solo at 1908.
2. Daily of Sedio Tomo published in Yogyakarta by Mr. Soenarjo.
3. Magazine of Rudjak Polo published by PNI education Madium
branch.
4. Magazine of Kedjawen published by Balai Pustaka.
5. Magazine of Soeara published by Parindra.

Because the press during this period aimed to struggle so hard, press
gets pressure from invaders. At this time also established the national

Antara news agency on 13 December 1973 .

b. The Period of Japanese Occupation.
The press during this period experienced a setback. The press
was forced to support the interests of Japan. Finally, the press is
only used solely as a tool of Japanese government. Examples of
the press in this period are as follows:
1. Newspaper of Soeara Asia published at 1942.
2. Newspaper of Tjahaja lead by Otto Iskandar Dinata.
3. Newspaper of Sinar Matahari published in Yogyakarta.
4. Newspaper of Sinar Baru published in Semarang.
5. Newspaper of Asia Raya published in Jakarta.
6. Newspaper which published in Sumatera, example Padang
Nippo (Padang),Kita Sumatera Shimbun (Medan), Palembang
Shimbun (Palembang), and Lampung Shimbun (Lampung).
7. Newspaper of Suara Kalimantan published in Kalimantan.
Although the press during the Japanese occupation under pressure,
Indonesian nation benefit by the existence of press time, there are:
1. Employees of the Indonesian press increased the experience
because using a variety of facilities.
2. Increasingly widespread use of Indonesian.
3. People increasingly critical thinking.
c. The Period of Physical Revolution (1945-1949).
The press in this period is divided into two groups, the press
which supports the colonizers (Netherlands) and the press who
supported the struggle of the Indonesian nation. Examples of the
press who supported the struggle of the Indonesian nation is
Merdeka, Pantja Raya, Pembangunan, Siasat, Pedoman,
Mimbar Indonesia, and Suara Indonesia. An example of the
press which supports the occupation is Warta Indonesia,
Mustika, and Pelita Rakyat.

 
d. The Period of Liberal Democracy (1950-1959).
Liberal period was marked by liberalism in news
writing. In addition, at this time the press that
supports the colonist began to be abolished and
taken over the nation of Indonesia. Several
newspapers published at this time are Suluh
Indonesia, Harian Rakyat, Pemandangan, and
Abadi. At this time also happened banning
some newspaper, such as Suara Maluku, Keng
Po, Bara, Bintang Minggu, Suara Rakyat
Sumatra, and Lembaga.
e. The Period of Guided Democracy (1959-1965).
Guided Democracy period beginning with the Presidential Decree 5 July
1959. At this time published an official guide to publishers of newspaper and
magazines Kabar’s letter when it is as follows:
1. Newspaper and magazines must be a political manifesto spreader tool has
become a state policy to eradicate colonialism, liberalism, and federalism.
2. Newspaper and magazines must be a supporter and defender of political
manifesto that has become a state policy and government programs.
3. Newspaper and magazines must be an advocate for the implementation of
political and tool-free and active and not be an advocate and/or equipment
instead of cold War blocs.
4. Newspaper and magazines must foster confidence in the people of
Indonesia to the base, program goals, and leadership of the revolution
Indonesia.
5. Newspaper and magazines must help the business organization of order and
public security and political tranquility.
6. Newspaper and magazines personality Indonesia must strengthen
awareness.
7. Newspaper and magazines in the writing of criticism should be constructive
and guided by political manifesto.
f. The Period of New Order.
This period is the leadership of President
Soeharto. New Order government began
crush G-30-S/PKI success. One feature of
the New Order of government is the
implementation of Pancasila and the 1945
constitution in a genuine and consistent.
New Order and aspire to achieve
development in all fields. Therefore, the
role of the press time was the element of
development. The press used as a means
of communicating the government partner
development.
With the passage of the new order of
government, treatment of thee press is
changing. The press who criticized the
construction will be under pressure. New Order
which was originally to be open and supportive
of the press, then start pressing the press.
g. The Period of Reform.
At this period, the press gain freedom. As a
result, many emerging new Media. At this time
issued by the Law no. 40, 1999 about Press.
3. The Press Functions in a Democratic Society.
a. The Press Functions.
In Article 3 of Law no. 40, 1999, The Press Functions expressed by
follows:
1. National press has the function as a medium of information, education,
entertainment, and social control.
a. Function of Information.
Society may purchase, subscription, or borrow a newspaper to get
information about a few things.
b. Function of Education.
The press includes writings that contain the knowledge so the people
grow their knowledge and insights.
c. Function of Entertainment.
Press reports sometimes contain articles that are fun, such a short stories,
comic strips, crossword, and caricature.
d. Function of Social Control.
Social control functions of the press as the attitude of the press in
performing its functions against any individual or group with the aim of
improving the writing. That is because the writings is often loaded
directly or indirectly to be critical of something.
2. The Function of the Press as an Economic Institution.
The continued development of the press, provide wider
employment opportunities for the community. Many people
hang a living from the press. For example, by selling
newspaper, a reporter, or radio and television announcer.

 a. The Role of the Press.

In Law no. 40, 1999, the national press has the role as follows:
1. Meet the public’s right to know and get information.
2. Uphold the basic value of democracy, promote the
establishment of rule of law and for human rights, and respect
for diversity.
3. Developing a common opinion based on accurate
information.
4. Supervise, criticism, corrections, and suggestions on matters
relating to public interest.
5. Struggle for justice and truth.
B.Journalistic codes and free press and
Responsible
Code of ethics is the norm or principle that received by a
particular group as a guideline to behave. Codes of ethics are
guidelines for professional groups behave. As a guideline for
professional groups, codes of ethics have cirri as follows:
1. Moral character and bind members of professional groups
2. The scope of the code of conduct only for certain
professional groups
3. Made and set up by the institution / group of a particular
profession.
1. journalistic code ethics
One kind of code of ethics that we often hear
is the code of journalistic ethics. Code of
journalistic ethics is owned by the man
insane journalism and the press. Code of
journalistic ethics into a moral or ethical
basis for the insane press and operational
guidelines in establishing the integrity and
professionalism press.

Kinds of existing codes of ethics in journalism

/ press are:
a. Indonesian journalist code of ethics
b. International federation of journalists epic
code
 2.Ethics of press
Besides having a code of ethics, the insane press
also has the ethics of behaving. Ethics of the
press is the ethic of all the people involved in the
activities of the press. Ethics of the press is the
press recognize the moral obligation of the press,
and the role of the press that govern the behavior
of the press insane. In other words, the ethics of
the press is anything that should be done by
members of the press.
.
Source of ethics of the press is the insane moral consciousness
of the press. Insane moral consciousness of the press is
knowledge or insight about the good bad, right and wrong for
people - people involved in the activities of the press. Activities
based on the ethics of the press is good press, the public will
accept the activities of the press.
Although he has had ethics and code of conduct in its activities,
the press still be responsible in reporting. The press has been
given freedom in reporting the freedom of the press should do it
in a responsible manner
3.Pers a free and responsible
Freedom of the press has an important meaning in the activities of
the press. Free press informing the public. Communities are free to
obtain information from the press. Therefore, the press has the
freedom in news. Freedom of the press in mistaken as the freedom to
have and express opinions in the press. Freedom of the press also has
a sense as a condition that allows the press workers choose, decide,
and do their duties in accordance with the wishes of press workers.

Control of press freedom today is different from the previous period

of press freedom. some form of press freedom that is given by
government today is
a. Providing freedom of expression against the press.
b. Maintaining the issuance of business license of the press (SIUPP)
so that the emerging new publishing a new press
c. Guarantees no longer banning aka tone of the press.
 By granting freedom of the press from the government
then our attitude should carry out the freedom that is
given with full responsibility. Some of our attitude
towards press freedom control efforts made by the
government, among others, as follows:
a. In the truth, the press should present the news is true,
honest and clear. The press must avoid him/herself from
news that is illegal, pornographic, or coverage that
resulted down nation. The community should avoid
consuming the news is not good so will supports freedom
of press is good.
b. Despite the government maintaining SIUPP, parties
who want to make the issuance of the press should pay
attention to regulations.
c. The press have reported things that do not conflict with
elements of pension.
 4. Abuse’s Impact of Freedom of the Press (media)

At this time the Freedom of the press is very spacious and open.
Therefore, the press is really enjoying the freedom of the press that is
given. However, the press who now enjoy can be abused. For example, a
news discredit a figure that triggered his followers, although the news
was not yet obvious truth.
The mass media are abusing the freedom of the press can have an impact
in people's lives. Some of the impact of the abuse of freedom of the
press is as follows:
a. News which someone will harm the good name of another person as
reported.
b. Coverage of the maze and did not clear the source can be unsettling
and confusing the public.
c. Coverage that can ignite hatred between groups may interfere with
integration of society.

To reduce the impact of the abuse of
freedom of mass media, the press should
have a responsibility, integrity,
professionalism. Members of the press
must have a social responsibility to the
community social responsibility to the
community. Members of the press must
have a moral or ethical basis for a
profession that could become operational
guidelines for enforcing the
professionalism of journalists. The
foundation of morals or ethics of the press
contained in the code of journalistic ethics.
C. PRESS FREEDOM

Freedom of the press is freedom of expression,
both written and spoken through the press media,
such as daily newspapers, magazines, and
newsletters. Freedom of the press must be
accompanied by a responsibility to uphold justice,
order and security in society, not to spoil it. Freedom
of the press in a democratic country like Indonesia
can not be separated by a system of democratic
government, namely from the people, by the people,
and for the people.
One form of freedom of the press is freedom of speech and
opinion in the press field. Through the press, the public or the
press can be give a free expression, disseminate information, and
receive various information from various sources. The press can
be a means for the right to freedom of speech and opinion.
Freedom of speech and opinion, and get information to secure a
free press and responsible. The existence of these freedoms can
be guaranteed by the legislation is as follows.
1. Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution.
2. Article 28F of the 1945 Constitution.
3. Articles 20 and 21 Tap. MPR No. XVII/MPR/1998 on Human
Rights.
4. Article 14 Paragraph (1) and (2) of Law no. 39 Year 2000 on
Human Rights.
5. Article 2 and Article 4 Paragraph (1) of Law no. 40 Year 1999
on the Press.
 Thus, the press in performing its function and role
must be responsible for all the news, although the
press have freedom. However, press freedom,
especially INDONESIA remain controlled and
regulated by the government under the applicable
regulations.
Attitudes toward Government Efforts in Controlling
Press Freedom
Has been described before that press freedom
INDONESIA controlled and regulated by the
government. Control and regulation of the press by
the government will be adjusted with the applicable
regulations.
 D. Write actual news to be published

News has a different understanding. According to the dictionary

of the Indonesian news is a report on the incident or event that
warm. Some communication experts or scientists define the news
as follows:
1. Erick C. Hepwood News is the first report of significant events
and to attract public attention.
2. William S. Maulsby News is a word correctly, do not have the
right and the facts that have important meaning and new events
occur so as to attract the attention of the news reader containing
the news.
3. Dja'far H. Assegaff News is reporting on new facts or ideas,
chosen by the editorial staff of a daily newspaper to broadcast,
and can attract the attention of the reader.
 Based on such understanding, a message will
explain or describe an event that occurred. A
reporter will write an event in the form of news.
Before compiling, broadcast, and writing news,
journalists should first look for news. Search for
news can be done in various ways, such as
interviews, visits to places important event
possible, or describe the news that there is to be
more complete. To search for a story, a journalist
should consider several things as follows.
1. Journalists must have and cultivate curiosity
about something.
2. Journalists have to leave the office to locate the
news.
3. Talking with many people from different
backgrounds.
4. Journalists should enjoy reading, both
newspapers and newspaper people themselves.
5. Did not hesitate to imitate the ideas of other
newspapers, but no trace continuously.
6. Read official statements, even though it feels
boring.
7. Attention to television and radio.
8. Talking and discussing with fellow journalists.
9. Visiting the markets and fairs.
10. Using the time to get around the city and mingle
with the community.

After getting the news, a reporter will write the events in the
form of news. However, a journalist must consider two
important requirements in news writing. Two requirements
are as follows news writing.
 
 News should disclose the actual facts, not a lie.
2. News should tell every aspect of complete and meet the
elements of 5W +1 H.
a. What, that is what is happening, what is happening.
b. Who, that is who the perpetrators of the incident, who
was involved in the incident.
c. Where, that is where it happened.
d. When, that is when it happened.
e. Why, that is why it happened.
f. How, that is how it happened.
 News writing is different from writing articles or
opinions. An article containing opinions,
argument by the author, accompanied by factual
and scientific reasons, while the opinion is an
opinion based on personal taste. Writing news is
translating factual experience ever seen and
heard by using the emblem in the form of
written language (the language of journalism).
Writing news, especially news in the letter must
consider the terms as follows.
1. News must be accurate, it means the choice of words in the
sentence must be true and appropriate spelling.
2. News should be concise, it means the sentence to the news
should be concise and not rambling.
3. News should be clear, meaning that the preparation of the
sentence must be assembled correctly and clearly.
4. News must a simple, meaning the composition of words
and made a series of simple sentences.
5. News must be reliable, which means that news must be true
and reasonable.
 If a journalist has made news writing with
respect to the property is then written news
worthy for publication. However, there are
four elements that must be met as well as a
main characteristic of a decent story
published in the media are as follows.
 1. Fast, meaning the actual speed and time.
2. Real, meaning that information about a fact
rather than essay.
3. Important, meaning public interest.
4. Interesting, that is invite people to read the
news.
After the news that meet the above
requirements and elements of the news will
be eligible to be published to the public.
E. Utilization of mass media in the life of the day
mass media play an important role in life. One of
the mass media’s role in public life is to provide
information to the public. To convey information
to the public requires the communication media.
There are two types of communication media,
namely traditional and modern communication of
media is an oral medium, such as clappers, drums;
media or motion , such as campfire. Example of
modern communication media is television, radio,
video, mobile, phones, magazines, newspapers,
books, movies, soap operas, and the internet
Mass media can be utilized in their daily lives
utilization of mass media in the life of, among
another, the following:
1. Communication utilized the mass media to
obtain information in the form of news about
events that happened, what people are doing,
what ideas people and what people are saying.
2. Utilized mass media to educate the public so that
people gain know ledge and insight .
3. Utilized mass media to entertain the public, such
as through film, radio, television.
THE END