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Department of Civil and Water Resourse Engineering

Singapore has developed innovative water management strategies out of necessity as a densely populated city without natural freshwater sources. It currently obtains over half its water supply from unorthodox sources like rainwater collection (20%), recycled water (30%), and desalination (10%). Its goal is to become fully self-sufficient. Singapore intensified efforts to develop these alternative sources and reduce consumption after a water import agreement with Malaysia expired in 2011. Notable projects include expanding rainwater catchment areas, building reservoirs, implementing an advanced water recycling program called NEWater, and opening large desalination plants. Through these diversified and integrated initiatives, Singapore has become a world leader in sustainable water management.

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45 views

Department of Civil and Water Resourse Engineering

Singapore has developed innovative water management strategies out of necessity as a densely populated city without natural freshwater sources. It currently obtains over half its water supply from unorthodox sources like rainwater collection (20%), recycled water (30%), and desalination (10%). Its goal is to become fully self-sufficient. Singapore intensified efforts to develop these alternative sources and reduce consumption after a water import agreement with Malaysia expired in 2011. Notable projects include expanding rainwater catchment areas, building reservoirs, implementing an advanced water recycling program called NEWater, and opening large desalination plants. Through these diversified and integrated initiatives, Singapore has become a world leader in sustainable water management.

Uploaded by

Sunday Obidah Gwary
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURSE ENGINEERING

CWE 409
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

A PRESENTATION PREPAIRED BY GROUP (13)


DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURSES ENGINEERING

BY
18/05/03/210
18/05/03/220
17/05/03/011
17/05/03/014
17/05/03/038
16/05/03/031

CASE STUDY:SINGAPORE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

28TH-08-2021
SESSION2020/2021
SINGAPORE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 Singapore has become a world leader in water management
firstly because of its location as a densely populated city
lacking freshwater lakes. The city currently receives more
than half of its water supply from the unorthodox sources of
rainwater collection (20%), recycled water (30%) and
desalination (10%). The long-term plan is to become entirely
self-sufficient in water.
Keywords: Water management, resilience,
rainwater collection, water recycling,
desalination
 The lack of an independent source of fresh water has meant
that Singapore is dependent on the import of water from
Malaysia. Singapore had two favorable import agreements,
established during the British colonial era, one of which
expired in 2011. The disagreement between the two countries
on the future price of water resulted in Singapore intensifying
efforts to become self-sufficient before the second contract
expires in 2061.
Rainwater collection
 Work on rainwater collection in Singapore harks back to
1867, when the British built the MacRitchie Reservoir. After
independence in 1965 this work was intensified, with big
projects in catchment areas, and currently the city gets 20%
of its water supply from rainwater collected in reservoirs and
catchments. Two-thirds of Singapore’s surface area is
classified as protected drainage basins, with regulated land
use which facilitates the collection of rainwater (see also
Auckland).
Reservoir's in Singapore
 The city has 19 fresh water reservoirs, 9 water treatment
plants and 17 reservoirs for purified water. The largest
reservoir, Marina Bay, opened in 2008 and is constructed in
an estuary closed off with a dam to keep out salt water.
Singapore is one of the pioneers of this relatively new
technology. With two more dams under construction, the
technique not only provides the city with fresh water but it
also protects against flooding.
Branding recycled water
 In 2001 Singapore's Public Utilities Agency (PUB) also took
charge of drainage systems, and this resulted in a more
integrated management of water. In 2002, the city opened
its first production plant for recycled water, which currently
provides 30% of the city's water supply (see also Stockholm).
Singapore has developed a new technique for recycling
wastewater: a four-stage treatment process (conventional
treatment, micro-filtration, reverse osmosis and UV
treatment), branded NEWater. This water is drinkable, and is
distributed to the city’s drinking water reservoirs, but most
of it is utilised in industry. Today Singapore has five NEWater
plants. A deep, 50-km pump-free sewage system is under
construction to provide these five plants with wastewater.
Desalination and spillage
 In 2005 Singapore opened its first desalination plant, which is
one of the largest in the world and provides 10% of the city's
water supply. The city's long-term goal is to multiply the
production of desalinated water, and a tendering process is
under way for another plant of twice the capacity. Experts say
that Singapore is evolving into a hub for science and
technology regarding water recycling and desalination.
Singapore is already contributing expertise and technology to
large water projects in China.

 Singapore’s public utilities agency has also been industrious


on the consumption side. With campaigns and economic
incentives per capita water consumption is continuously
being reduced and is now down to 155 litres per person per
day. The 5% loss through water spillage is among the lowest
in the world (see also New York). Despite all the investment in
water and in spite of taxes, prices are very low compared with
Germany and other European countries, for example.
Sustainable water management
 It is the goal of Singapore to become self-sufficient, with 40% of water
from recycling, 30% from desalination, and 20% from rainwater
collection. Well on the way to achieving this goal, the city has now
broadened its views on water management with an ambitious plan for
sustainable water management called ABC Waters (Active, Beautiful,
Clean), from 2006. The vision is to integrate water management more
closely with the urban environment, and the plan includes more than
100 projects for the next 10 years. One example is the Marina Bay,
which in addition to providing fresh water, also functions as a green
area for recreational activities.

 In 2007 Singapore’s public utilities agency PUB received the prestigious


Stockholm Industry Water Award for its “holistic approach to water
resources management which made water use sustainable for different
sectors of society in a unique and challenging urban island
environment”.

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