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Polarity of Molecules

This document discusses the polarity of molecules. It defines polar and nonpolar molecules. A molecule is polar if it contains polar bonds, has unshared electrons on a central atom, or the bonds from the central atom involve different atoms. A molecule is nonpolar if it contains only nonpolar bonds or all the bonds to the central atom are the same and there are no unshared pairs on the central atom. The document provides examples of polar bonds, such as C-O, C-N, O-H, C-F, N-H, and C-Cl, and identifies H-H as a nonpolar bond.

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Emmanuel Kenneth Contreras Potoy
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202 views25 pages

Polarity of Molecules

This document discusses the polarity of molecules. It defines polar and nonpolar molecules. A molecule is polar if it contains polar bonds, has unshared electrons on a central atom, or the bonds from the central atom involve different atoms. A molecule is nonpolar if it contains only nonpolar bonds or all the bonds to the central atom are the same and there are no unshared pairs on the central atom. The document provides examples of polar bonds, such as C-O, C-N, O-H, C-F, N-H, and C-Cl, and identifies H-H as a nonpolar bond.

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Kenneth Contreras Potoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICAL SCIENCE

OBJECTIVES Determine if a molecule is polar or nonpolar given


its structure

Relate the polarity of a molecule to its properties


MATTER

Material substance that constitutes


the observable universe and,
together with energy, forms the
basis of all objective phenomena.
STATES OF MATTER

SOLID

LIQUID

GAS

PLASMA

BOSE – EINSTEIN CONDENSATE


1 MOLECULE
A group of two or more atoms
that form the smallest identifiable
unit into which a pure substance
can be divided and still retain the
composition and chemical
properties of that substance
1.a Diatomic Molecule
Contain two identical atoms that are chemically
bonded.

1.b Polyatomic Molecule


Contain two different atoms that are chemically
bonded.

1.c Polymer
Molecules may contain many thousands of
component atoms.
DIATOMIC MOLECULES
POLYATOMIC MOLECULES
POLYMER
POLARITY OF
MOLECULES

If a molecule has no net electrical charge, its


negative charge is equal to its positive charge.
The forces experienced by such molecules
depend on how the positive and negative
charges are arranged in space.
POLARITY OF
MOLECULES

Nonpolar molecules generally are considered


lipophilic (lipid-loving), whereas polar
chemicals are hydrophilic (water-loving).
POLAR MOLECULES

Molecule in which one end of the molecule is


slightly positive, while the other end is slightly
negative.

A diatomic molecule that consists of a polar


covalent bond, such as HF, is a polar molecule.
NONPOLAR MOLECULES

Has no separation of charge, so no positive or


negative poles are formed.

Tend to dissolve well in nonpolar solvents,


which are frequently organic solvents.
MOLECULAR
2 BONDS
A molecular, or covalent bond, is
formed when atoms bond by
sharing pairs of electrons. This
sharing can occur from atom to
atom, or from an atom to another
molecular bond.
2.a Polar Covalent Bond
• Involves an unequal sharing of electrons
between two bonded atoms.

• There is a difference in electronegativity


between the bonded atoms
2.a.1 Polarity of water
• Water molecules have a polar arrangement of
the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side
(hydrogen) has a positive electrical charge and
the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge.

• Water can become so heavily attracted to a


different molecule, like salt (NaCl).

• Water is capable of dissolving a variety of


different substances.
2.b Nonpolar Covalent Bond
• Involves an equal sharing of electrons
between two bonded atoms.

• Bond form when there is a similar the


electronegativity value of the atoms
participating in a bond.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Ability of an atom to attract shared electrons


in a covalent bond
Polar bonds Which of the following bonds found in organic
molecules are polar?

C-C
C-O
C-N

O-H
C-F
N-H
C-Cl
Polar Bonds Which of the following bonds found in organic
molecules are polar?

C-O
C-N

O-H
C-F
N-H
C-Cl

All are polar, except C-C


Nonpolar Bonds
Which of the following bonds found in organic
molecules are non polar?

N-H
Al - Cl
Mg - O

H-F
H-H
Ca - Cl
SUMMARY A molecule is polar if
• It contains polar bonds
• There are unshared electrons on a central
atom
• The bonds from the central atom involve
different atoms

A molecule is non polar if


• It contains only nonpolar bonds
• All the bonds to the central atom are the same
and there are no unshared pairs on the central
atom
THANK YOU

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