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Lec # 2.5 Transformer Phasor Diagram

The document discusses transformer phasor diagrams. It begins by defining phasors as complex numbers used to represent sinusoidal quantities. Phasor diagrams graphically depict the magnitude and phase relationships between alternating voltages and currents. They allow visualization of sinusoidal quantities that change over time. On a phasor diagram, each sinusoidal quantity is represented by a vector whose length is the peak amplitude and direction is the phase angle. Phasor diagrams can show addition and subtraction of phasors as well as relationships in 1-φ transformers under resistive, inductive and capacitive loads.

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Syed Sajjad Ali
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92 views

Lec # 2.5 Transformer Phasor Diagram

The document discusses transformer phasor diagrams. It begins by defining phasors as complex numbers used to represent sinusoidal quantities. Phasor diagrams graphically depict the magnitude and phase relationships between alternating voltages and currents. They allow visualization of sinusoidal quantities that change over time. On a phasor diagram, each sinusoidal quantity is represented by a vector whose length is the peak amplitude and direction is the phase angle. Phasor diagrams can show addition and subtraction of phasors as well as relationships in 1-φ transformers under resistive, inductive and capacitive loads.

Uploaded by

Syed Sajjad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformer Phasor Diagram

Engr. Noor Nabi Shaikh


Electrical engineering, MUET, Jamshoro.
Phasor Diagram
In physics and engineering, a phasor is a complex number representing a sinusoidal
function whose amplitude (A), angular frequency (ω), and initial phase (θ) are time-invariant.

 Phasor Diagrams are a graphical way of representing the magnitude and directional relationship
between two or more alternating quantities.

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To visualize sinusoidal quantities in the time – domain i.e., A(t) = Am sin (ω t + θ) when represented
mathematically is sometimes difficult.

 One way to overcome this difficulty is to represent these sinusoidal graphically with the special or
phasor domain by using phasor diagrams, and this is achieved by the rotating vector method.

 Basically a rotating vector, simply called a “Phasor” is a scaled line whose length represents an AC
quantity that has both magnitude (“peak amplitude”) and direction (“phase”) which is “frozen” at
some point in time.

 A phasor is a vector that has an arrow head at one end which signifies partly the maximum value of
the vector quantity ( V or I ) and partly the end of the vector that rotates.

 Generally, vectors are assumed to pivot at one end around a fixed zero point known as the “point of
origin” while the arrowed end representing the quantity, freely rotates in an anti-clockwise direction
at an angular velocity, ( ω ) of one full revolution for every cycle. This anti-clockwise rotation of the
vector is considered to be a positive rotation. Likewise, a clockwise rotation is considered to be a
negative rotation.

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Both vector and phasor are used to describe a rotating line that itself has both magnitude and direction,
the main difference between the two is that a vectors magnitude is the “peak value” of the sinusoid while
a phasor’s magnitude is the “rms value” of the sinusoid. In both cases the phase angle and direction
remains the same.
The phase of an alternating quantity at any instant in time can be represented by a phasor diagram, so
phasor diagrams can be thought of as “functions of time”. A complete sine wave can be constructed by a
single vector rotating at an angular velocity of ω = 2πƒ, where ƒ is the frequency of the waveform. Then
a Phasor is a quantity that has both “Magnitude” and “Direction”.
when constructing a phasor diagram, angular velocity of a sine wave is always assumed to be: ω in
rad/sec. Consider the phasor diagram below.

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V(t )  Vm sin ( t )
I (t )  I m sin ( t   )

 Phasor Addition of two Phasor

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 Vector Subtraction of two Phasor

 Three-phase Phasor Diagram

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 Transformer equivalent circuit and its phasor diagram

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 Phasor diagram of 1 – ϕ Transformer [Resistive Load]
▬ Start drawing phasor from load or secondary side of the
transformer, taking V2 as a reference and progress to words
primary and find the V1.
V2  I 2 R2  J I 2 X 2  E2
I m  IC  I0
ϕm
I 0  I 2,  I1
E1  I1 R1  J I1 X 1  V1
I0
I1 Im E2
θ1
I2X2

I’2

IC I2 V2 I2R2
I1R1 E1

I1X1

V1

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 Phasor diagram of 1 – ϕ Transformer [Inductive Load]
Phasor diagram for inductive load is exactly same, with difference is that I2 lags the V2 by and angle of θ2.
Remaining phasor you have draw as practice.

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 Phasor diagram of 1 – ϕ Transformer [Capacitive Load]
Phasor diagram for inductive load is exactly same, with difference is that I2 lead the V2 by and angle of
θ2. Remaining phasor you have draw as practice.

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