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Describing Distributions With Numbers: BPS Chapter 2

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66 views

Describing Distributions With Numbers: BPS Chapter 2

Uploaded by

linh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Describing Distributions with

Numbers

BPS chapter 2

© 2006 W.H. Freeman and Company


Median
Find the median of the following 9 numbers:

43 54 55 63 67 68 69 77 85

a) 65
b) 64
c) 67
d) 64.6
Median (answer)
Find the median of the following 9 numbers:

43 54 55 63 67 68 69 77 85

a) 65
b) 64
c) 67
d) 64.6
Median
For the data in the previous question,

43 54 55 63 67 68 69 77 85

Suppose that the last data point is actually 115 instead of 85. What
effect would this new maximum have on our value for the median of
the dataset?

a) Increase the value of the median.


b) Decrease the value of the median.
c) Not change the value of the median.
Median (answer)
For the data in the previous question,

43 54 55 63 67 68 69 77 85

Suppose that the last data point is actually 115 instead of 85. What
effect would this new maximum have on our value for the median of
the dataset?

a) Increase the value of the median.


b) Decrease the value of the median.
c) Not change the value of the median.
Mean
For the data in the previous question,

43 54 55 63 67 68 69 77 85

Suppose that the last data point is actually 115 instead of 85. What
effect would this new maximum have on our value for the mean of
the dataset?

a) Increase the value of the mean.


b) Decrease the value of the mean.
c) Not change the value of the mean.
Mean (answer)
For the data in the previous question,

43 54 55 63 67 68 69 77 85

Suppose that the last data point is actually 115 instead of 85. What
effect would this new maximum have on our value for the mean of
the dataset?

a) Increase the value of the mean.


b) Decrease the value of the mean.
c) Not change the value of the mean.
Mean vs. median
For the dataset “volumes of milk dispensed into 2-gallon milk cartons,”
should you use the mean or the median to describe the center?

a) Mean
b) Median
Mean vs. median (answer)
For the dataset “volumes of milk dispensed into 2-gallon milk cartons,”
should you use the mean or the median to describe the center?

a) Mean
b) Median
Mean vs. median
For the dataset “sales prices of homes in Los Angeles,” should you use
the mean or the median to describe the center?

a) Mean
b) Median
Mean vs. median (answer)
For the dataset “sales prices of homes in Los Angeles,” should you use
the mean or the median to describe the center?

a) Mean
b) Median
Mean vs. median
For the dataset “incomes for people in the United States,” should you
use the mean or the median to describe the center?

a) Mean
b) Median
Mean vs. median (answer)
For the dataset “incomes for people in the United States,” should you
use the mean or the median to describe the center?

a) Mean
b) Median
Boxplots
Below you have a boxplot for the tar content of 25 different cigarettes.
What is a plausible set of values for the five-number summary?

a) Min = 13, Q1 = 10, Median = 12.6, Q3 = 14, Max = 15


b) Min = 1, Q1 = 8.5, Median = 12.6, Q3 = 15, Max = 17
c) Min = 1, Q1 = 8.5, Median = 11.5, Q3 = 13, Max = 15
d) Min = 8.5, Q1 = 10, Median = 11.5, Q3 = 15, Max = 17
Boxplots (answer)
Below you have a boxplot for the tar content of 25 different cigarettes.
What is a plausible set of values for the five-number summary?

a) Min = 13, Q1 = 10, Median = 12.6, Q3 = 14, Max = 15


b) Min = 1, Q1 = 8.5, Median = 12.6, Q3 = 15, Max = 17
c) Min = 1, Q1 = 8.5, Median = 11.5, Q3 = 13, Max = 15
d) Min = 8.5, Q1 = 10, Median = 11.5, Q3 = 15, Max = 17
Boxplots
The shape of the boxplot below can be described as:

a) Bi-modal
b) Left-skewed
c) Right-skewed
d) Symmetric
e) Uniform
Boxplots (answer)
The shape of the boxplot below can be described as:

a) Bi-modal
b) Left-skewed
c) Right-skewed
d) Symmetric
e) Uniform
Side-by-side boxplots
Look at the following side-by-side boxplots and compare the female
and male shoulder girth.

a) Females have a typically smaller shoulder girth than males.


b) Females have a typically larger shoulder girth than males.
c) Females and males have about the same shoulder girths.
Side-by-side boxplots (answer)
Look at the following side-by-side boxplots and compare the female
and male shoulder girth.

a) Females have a typically smaller shoulder girth than males.


b) Females have a typically larger shoulder girth than males.
c) Females and males have about the same shoulder girths.
Side-by-side boxplots
Look at the following side-by-side boxplots and compare the female
and male thigh girth.

a) Females have a typically smaller thigh girth than males.


b) Females have a typically larger thigh girth than males.
c) Females and males have about the same thigh girth.
Side-by-side boxplots (answer)
Look at the following side-by-side boxplots and compare the female
and male thigh girth.

a) Females have a typically smaller thigh girth than males.


b) Females have a typically larger thigh girth than males.
c) Females and males have about the same thigh girth.
Comparing two histograms
Compare the centers of Distribution A (Female Shoulder Girth) and
Distribution B (Male Shoulder Girth) shown below.

a) The center of Distribution A is greater than the center of Distribution


B.
b) The center of Distribution A is less than the center of Distribution B.
c) The center of Distribution A is equal to the center of Distribution B.
Comparing two histograms (answer)
Compare the centers of Distribution A (Female Shoulder Girth) and
Distribution B (Male Shoulder Girth) shown below.

a) The center of Distribution A is greater than the center of Distribution


B.
b) The center of Distribution A is less than the center of
Distribution B.
c) The center of Distribution A is equal to the center of Distribution B.
Comparing two histograms
Compare the spreads of Distribution A (Female Shoulder Girth) and
Distribution B (Male Shoulder Girth) shown below.

a) The spread of Distribution A is greater than the spread of


Distribution B.
b) The spread of Distribution A is less than the spread of Distribution
B.
c) The spread of Distribution A is equal to the spread of Distribution B.
Comparing two histograms (answer)
Compare the spreads of Distribution A (Female Shoulder Girth) and
Distribution B (Male Shoulder Girth) shown below.

a) The spread of Distribution A is greater than the spread of


Distribution B.
b) The spread of Distribution A is less than the spread of Distribution
B.
c) The spread of Distribution A is equal to the spread of Distribution B.
Boxplots
What is the approximate range of the Male Wrist Girth dataset shown below?

a) 14.5 to 19.5
b) 16.5 to 17
c) 16.5 to 18
d) 17 to 19.5
e) 14.5 to 16.5 and 18 to 19.5
Boxplots (answer)
What is the approximate range of the Male Wrist Girth dataset shown below?

a) 14.5 to 19.5
b) 16.5 to 17
c) 16.5 to 18
d) 17 to 19.5
e) 14.5 to 16.5 and 18 to 19.5
Boxplots
What is the approximate interquartile range of the Male Wrist Girth dataset
shown below?

a) 14.5 to 19.5
b) 16.5 to 17
c) 16.5 to 18
d) 17 to 19.5
e) 14.5 to 16.5 and 18 to 19.5
Boxplots (answer)
What is the approximate interquartile range of the Male Wrist Girth dataset
shown below?

a) 14.5 to 19.5
b) 16.5 to 17
c) 16.5 to 18
d) 17 to 19.5
e) 14.5 to 16.5 and 18 to 19.5
Outliers
If a dataset contains outliers, which measure of spread is resistant?

a) Range
b) Interquartile range
c) Standard deviation
d) Variance
Outliers (answer)
If a dataset contains outliers, which measure of spread is resistant?

a) Range
b) Interquartile range
c) Standard deviation
d) Variance
Standard deviation
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a) Standard deviation has no unit of measurement.


b) Standard deviation is either positive or negative.
c) Standard deviation is inflated by outliers.
d) Standard deviation is used even when the mean is not an
appropriate measure of center.
Standard deviation (answer)
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a) Standard deviation has no unit of measurement.


b) Standard deviation is either positive or negative.
c) Standard deviation is inflated by outliers.
d) Standard deviation is used even when the mean is not an
appropriate measure of center.
Center and spread
For the following distribution of major league baseball players’ salaries
in 1992, which measures of center and spread are more
appropriate?

a) Mean and standard deviation


b) Median and interquartile range
Center and spread (answer)
For the following distribution of major league baseball players’ salaries
in 1992, which measures of center and spread are more
appropriate?

a) Mean and standard deviation


b) Median and interquartile range

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