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MATH 404-Presentation 2 - Elimination of Arbitrary Constant & Family of Curves

The document discusses methods for eliminating arbitrary constants from differential equations. It provides examples of eliminating constants from equations representing straight lines, circles, parabolas, and other curves. The examples demonstrate taking derivatives of the equations to solve for and eliminate the constant term.

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Reyven Recon
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180 views14 pages

MATH 404-Presentation 2 - Elimination of Arbitrary Constant & Family of Curves

The document discusses methods for eliminating arbitrary constants from differential equations. It provides examples of eliminating constants from equations representing straight lines, circles, parabolas, and other curves. The examples demonstrate taking derivatives of the equations to solve for and eliminate the constant term.

Uploaded by

Reyven Recon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 404

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Prepared by: Engr. Catherine D. Geron
Eliminations Of Arbitrary Constant
Methods of elimination may vary with the
way in which a constant is placed in a relation.
Methods that is effective with one problem may
be poor for other problems.
A simple 3-step method can be applicable
in eliminating arbitrary constant in a given
relation. These are:
 Count the number of arbitrary constants
 Perform differentiation depending on the

number of arbitrary constants


 Algebraically manipulate the equations. Step

2 and 3 can be interchanged accordingly.


Sample Problem 1
1.
   Eliminate c from the relation

Solution:
 Since one constant is to be eliminated, obtain

the first derivative,


Sample Problem 2
   Eliminate c from the relation
2.

Solution:
 Obtain the first derivative to eliminate c since there

is only one arbitrary constant to be eliminated,

 
Sample Problem 3
  Eliminate c from the relation
3.

Solution:
 Getting the first derivative,

 Since , solving c from the main relation we have,

 Then substitute this c to ,

 Simplifying,
Families of Curves

 These solutions involve parameters


(arbitrary constants) along with them.
Some of the family of solution can be
interpreted geometrically; now we
shall elimination of arbitrary constants
to generate differential equations of
some typical curves. These curves may
represent solutions of differential
equations that will be studied in the
future.
Some Formulas of Curves

  Equation
 of Straight Lines

 General Form:
 Point-Slope Form:
 Slope-Intercept Form:
 Two-Point Form:
 Intercept Form:
 Normal Form:
Some Formulas of Curves

 
Equation of a Circle with Center at and radius

Equation of an Ellipse with center at , semi-minor axis , and


semi-minor axis
or  

Equation of a Hyperbola with center at , semi-transverse axis ,


and semi-conjugate axis
or

Equation of Parabola with vertex at and focal distant  


or

 Equilateral Hyperbola with center at the origin

 
Sample Problem 1
   Find the differential equation representing all lines
1.
passing through the origin.
Solution:
 Some members of the family are drawn first.

 As seen from the sketch, the lines have a common


y-intercept and have different slopes, we can use
the slope-intercept form.
Sample Problem 1
  
 Since , we have

 Which has one arbitrary constant .


 To eliminate , we need to find only the first
derivative.

 Get the first derivative,

 Substitute in ,

 Rearranging,
Sample Problem 2
  Find the differential equation representing all circles with
2.
center at the origin.
Solution:
 The equation to use is

 Wherein it has only one arbitrary constant .


 

Get the first derivative


to eliminate

Rearranging,
Sample Problem 3
3. Find the differential equation representing
all parabolas with vertex at the origin and
focus located on the y-axis.
Solution:
 Some members of the family are drawn first.
Sample Problem 3
It
  can be seen that the parabolas have the y-axis to be the
principal axis, thus the family’s equation is

 Wherein, the vertex is the origin then and . The equation to use
now is

 To eliminate , we need to do one differentiation.

 Get the first derivative

 Solve for

 Substitute in ,

 Simplifying,
Thank you… 

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