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NAME 157: Hydrostatics & Stability

The document discusses the concept of a ship's center of gravity (CG). It defines CG as the average location of a ship's mass distribution and explains how it is calculated based on the mass and corresponding distance from the keel of individual items. The document also describes how a ship's CG can shift due to the addition, movement, or suspension of masses and provides examples of calculating these CG shifts.

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M HASIN ISHMAM JEET
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92 views

NAME 157: Hydrostatics & Stability

The document discusses the concept of a ship's center of gravity (CG). It defines CG as the average location of a ship's mass distribution and explains how it is calculated based on the mass and corresponding distance from the keel of individual items. The document also describes how a ship's CG can shift due to the addition, movement, or suspension of masses and provides examples of calculating these CG shifts.

Uploaded by

M HASIN ISHMAM JEET
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME 157

HYDROSTATICS &
STABILITY
Md. Yasir Arafat
Asst. Engineer (Naval Architect)
Chittagong Dry Dock Ltd
B Sc in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (BUET)
MBA (Finance)
CENTRE OF GRAVITY

 The position of Centre of Gravity of a ship may be found by


taking moments of individual masses

 Actual calculation of the centre of gravity of a ship is very


lengthy process – estimated, not sufficiently accurate

 Such calculation is usually carried out in initial design stage

 Results are confirmed by inclining experiment

 The Centre of Gravity of the ship in any loaded condition


may be found
CENTRE OF GRAVITY

 Vertical Centre of Gravity (VCG) of a ship is the distance of


its Centre of Gravity from keel and is denoted by KG

 Vertical Centre of Gravity of an item on the ship is the


distance of the item’s Centre of Gravity from keel and is
denoted by Kg

 Longitudinal Centre of Gravity (LCG) is usually given as a


distance forward or aft of midships

 If the ship is upright, transverse centre of gravity lies on the


centerline of the ship
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
CENTRE OF GRAVITY

Mass (tonne) Kg (m) Vertical Moment (t m)


2000 2 4000
3000 5 15000
1000 8 8000
2000 10 20000
500 14 7000
Sum = 8500 Sum 54000
KG = Total Moment/Total Displacement = 54000/8500
= 6.353 m
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
Mass Lcg from Moment fwd Moment aft
(tonne) midships (m) (t m) (t m)
300 60 aft - 18000
1200 35 aft - 42000
2000 11 aft - 22000
1000 15 fwd 15000 -
1000 30 fwd 30000 -
500 50 fwd 25000 -
T 6000 T 70000 T 82000
Moment aft is greater than fwd, CG lie aft of midships
CG aft of midships = (excess moment/displacement) = 2 m
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS

 When a mass is added to a ship, CG of the ship moves


towards the added mass and vice versa

 Distance moved by the ship’s CG depends upon:


 Magnitude of the added mass
 Distance of the mass from the ship’s CG
 Displacement of the ship

 If a mass is placed on the port side of the ship in the


forecastle, CG moves –
 Forward
 Upward
 to port
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS

Taking moments about midships:


Moment aft of midships = 4000 x 1.5 = 6000 t m
Moment fwd of midships = 200 x 45 = 9000 t m
Excess moment fwd = 9000 – 6000 = 3000 t m
CG from midships = Excess Moment / Total Displacement
= 3000/(4000+200) = 0.714 m fwd
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS

Taking moments about the keel:


CG from keel = {(4000 x 4) + (200 x 12)} / (4000 + 200) =
4.381 m
So, rise in CG = 4.381 – 4 = 0.381 m
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS

Alternative (rise of CG):


Taking moment about the original CG:
Moment of ship about CG = 4000 x 0
Moment of added mass about CG = 200 x (12-4) = 1600 t m
Rise in CG = Total moment / Total Displacement = 1600/4200
= 0.381 m
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS

If the actual distance moved by the CG is required, it may be


found from the longitudinal and vertical movements.

1.5 + 0.714 =
2.214 m
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS

GG1 = Sqrt (GT^2 + TG1^2) = 2.247 m


tan θ = 0.381/2.214
θ = 9 degree 45 minutes

1.5 + 0.714 =
2.214 m
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO MOVEMENT OF MASS

 When a mass that is already on board a ship is moved in


any direction, CG of the ship moves in the same direction
m3

CG from O-O = total


m2 moment of mass/total
mass
= (m1h1 + m2h2 +
h2 m3h3)/(m1+m2+m3)
h3
=y
m1
h1
O O
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO MOVEMENT OF MASS

Shift in CG = (Mass moved x distance moved)/ Total Mass


New CG from O-O = total
m3 moment of mass/total mass
= {m1h1 + m2h2 + m3(h3+d)}/
(m1+m2+m3)
d
= {(m1h1 + m2h2 + m3h3) /
m2 h3 (m1+m2+m3)} +
h2 Shift in CG
m3d/(m1+m2+m3)

m1 = y + m3d/(m1+m2+m3)
h1
O O
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO MOVEMENT OF MASS
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
EFFECT OF A SUSPENDED MASS

 When a mass hangs freely from a point on a ship, its centre


of gravity lies directly below that point

 Position of the CG of a hanging mass, relative to the ship, is


at the point of suspension

 Example: A mass lying on the tank top is being discharged.


As soon as the mass is clear of the tank top, its CG is virtually
raised to the derrick head, causing a corresponding rise in the
CG of the ship

 If the mass is now raised to the derrick head, there is no


further change in the CG of the ship
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
SHIFT IN CG DUE TO ADDITION OF MASS
CENTRE OF GRAVITY

HOMEWORK – TEST EXAMPLES 4


Reed’s Naval Architecture for
Engineers
THANK YOU

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