COMMUNICATIVE STYLES

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 LEARNING TARGET

1. Make inferences from what was

said. EN9LC-IIb-2.8
2. React and share personal opinion
about the ideas listened to.
EN9LC-IIg-3.13
3. Judge the relevance and worth of
ideas presented. EN9LC-IIi-8.2
Communic
ative
Styles
 STYLE DEFINITION EXAMPLE
It is a form of language that does not Prayers
Frozen change. Pledges
It is a set” speech that is often scripted.
It makes use of complete sentences and Formal English spoken
Formal specific word usage. at work, school, offices,
It is often used to show respect. etc.

Doctor – Patient
It is a formal register used in conversation. consultation
Consultative It may be with the aid of someone who is Parent – Teacher
an expert in a particular field. conference
Guidance Councilor –
Student conversation
It is a language used in conversation with
Casual friends. Slang terms
It is often idiomatic and full of slang, used
to signal belonging to a given group.
It is a language between close family Private language in
Intimate members. codes
It may be a form of private language full of Terms of endearment
code words only known to members.
 FROZEN
Also known as fixed speech, it is the highest f
orm of communicative style which is often
used in respectful situations or formal cere
monies like Shakespearean plays, wedding
s, funerals, and more. It uses the complex g
rammatical sentence structure and vocabul
ary that are only known by experts in that
field.
 FORMAL
This type uses formal words and ex
pressions and is mostly seen in w
riting rather than speaking. It also
disallows the use of ellipsis, contr
actions, and qualifying modal adv
erbials.
 CONSULTATIVE
It is the third level of language. It is ba
sically unplanned speech since the sp
eaker uses the participation and feed
back of the listener. The speaker will
supply background information, whil
e again, the listener participates con
tinuously.
 CASUAL
Also known as informal style, it is u
sually used between, friends, or e
ven insiders who have things to s
hare. In this type, there is a free a
nd easy participation of both spe
aker and listener.
 INTIMATE
The last type is used in talks between t
wo very close individuals. It is describ
ed by an economy of words, with a h
igh chance of nonverbal communica
tion. Like casual, there is also a free a
nd easy participation of both speaker
and listener.
 TYPES OF STYLES
 
As quoted from Joos in Haryanto (20
01:105), style is used based on the
situation. There are several types o
f style, as follows.
 FROZEN
It is a style used commonly for prose writing or for
speech. It is also used when we talk to strangers
(Haryanto, 2001:105). The characteristic of this s
tyle usually is the use of formal and polite langua
ge to show the identity of a speaker and to make
a prose easier to understand for readers.
• Expressing our gratitude must be delivered just for Alla
h, God, Lord due of his favor and charity.
• On this occasion I desire to preach on the title …..
 FORMAL
Formal style can be defined as a style which is used in for
mal situation and uses formal language. Formal style is
used by people who still have a distance between them
(speaker and hearer). A speaker usually avoids a repetiti
on or another term which tends to be a casual term and
used in a discussion or a meeting (Haryanto, 2001:105).
• Mrs. William, would you like to have a sit first before you deliver
your speech?
• If Mr. Kevin would be so kind ask to let me finish my words.
• Well, it is rather difficult to say at this point. d. I would like to intr
oduce myself to you.
 CONSULTATIVE
Consultative style is used in business or in discussing some
thing. A Speaker who uses this style usually does not pla
n what he wants to say (Haryanto, 2001:106). Thus, ther
e is a big possibility to make mistakes in speaking, such
as word repetition or diction which cannot be avoided.
• Excuse me, I think it’s really important for me to add about the to
pic that we discuss.
• Actually, we have the same views about this problem. So, why do
n’t you join with us?
• I see. You will change the project and sale it to other companies, r
ight?
 CASUAL
A style used in informal (casual) situation and using inform
al language. The relationship between speaker and hear
er is close, so they usually use words or term repetition
and frequently use ellipse sentences (Haryanto, 2001:10
5). It happens in conversations between parents to their
children, friends, family members, etc. In the other wor
ds, casual style occurs in casual conversation.
• Enjoy it? Do you enjoy the party?
• Take it… Would you take it?
• Give me some …Would you give me some money?
 INTIMATE
This type of style has a characteristic that its comm
on use of personal language codes, and it is only
for certain group. It occurs in the certain commu
nity which has its own language style (Haryanto,
2001:106). The utterances are usually simple and
representative what a speaker means. Intonation
is more important than wording or grammar.
• Tea’s cold => Cold
• OMG! => Oh my God
 LANGUAGE REGISTERS
• There are five language registers or styles. Each level ha
s an appropriate use that is determined by differing situ
ations. It would certainly be inappropriate to use langua
ge and vocabulary reserve for a boyfriend or girlfriend
when speaking in the classroom. Thus the appropriate l
anguage register depends upon the audience (who), the
topic (what), purpose (why) and location (where).
• You must control the use of language registers in order t
o enjoy success in every aspect and situation you encou
nter.
 FROZEN REGISTER
This style of communications RARELY or
NEVER changes. It is “frozen” in time a
nd content. e.g. the Pledge of Allegianc
e, the Lord’s Prayer, the Preamble to th
e US Constitution, the Alma Mater, a bi
bliographic reference, laws .
 FORMAL REGISTER
This language is used in formal settings and is o
ne-way in nature. This use of language usually
follows a commonly accepted format. It is usu
ally impersonal and formal. A common format
for this register are speeches. e.g. sermons, rh
etorical statements and questions, speeches,
pronouncements made by judges,  announce
ments.
 CONSULTATIVE REGISTER
This is a standard form of communications. Users e
ngage in a mutually accepted structure of comm
unications. It is formal and societal expectations
accompany the users of this speech. It is professi
onal discourse. e.g. when strangers meet, comm
unications between a superior and a subordinat
e, doctor and patient, lawyer and client, lawyer a
nd judge, teacher and student, counselor and cli
ent,
 CASUAL REGISTER
This is informal language used by peers a
nd friends. Slang, vulgarities and colloq
uialisms are normal. This is “group” lan
guage. One must be member to engag
e in this register. e.g. buddies, teamma
tes, chats and emails, and blogs, and le
tters to friends.
 INTIMATE REGISTER
This communications is private. It is r
eserved for close family members o
r intimate people. e.g. husband and
wife, boyfriend and girlfriend, siblin
gs, parent and children.
 RULE OF LANGUAGE USE
One can usually transition from one l
anguage register to an adjacent on
e without encountering repercussi
ons. However, skipping one or mor
e levels is usually considered inapp
ropriate and even offensive.