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UPI MASUKAT Reciprocating Influences

Bell's 1968 reciprocal model and Cairns' later work showed that the relationship between parents and children is bidirectional, with each influencing the other over time through reciprocal interactions. Bell proposed that parents and children have tolerance levels for each other's behaviors, and when exceeded, reactions can exacerbate or mitigate the behaviors. While parents influence children, children also direct parents' behaviors through reciprocal influence.

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2K views10 pages

UPI MASUKAT Reciprocating Influences

Bell's 1968 reciprocal model and Cairns' later work showed that the relationship between parents and children is bidirectional, with each influencing the other over time through reciprocal interactions. Bell proposed that parents and children have tolerance levels for each other's behaviors, and when exceeded, reactions can exacerbate or mitigate the behaviors. While parents influence children, children also direct parents' behaviors through reciprocal influence.

Uploaded by

Kym Dacudao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RECIPROCATING

INFLUENCES
(BELL & CAIRNS)
Presented by; Noronisa D. Upi
Tata U. Masukat
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to,

•Define Reciprocating Influences


•Explain Bell & Cairns theories/model
•Understand the Reciprocal influence between
parents and their children
Introductio
n
Studies such as these suggest the
importance considering reciprocal relations
between parents and children's behavior.
The present study incorporated measure of
discipline and child behavior from
independent sources at multiple time points
to examine reciprocal relations between
parents physical discipline childrens
externalizing behavior.
Bell's, 1968 Reciprocal mod
el
According to reciprocal effects models (Bell,
1968), parents behaviors influence children's
development, but children's behaviors also
influence parents behaviors in a series of cycle
over time.
Bell's, (1977) control system theory proposes that
parents and children have particular tolerance
levels for one anothers behavior. When the
parents or child's behavior exceeds these
tolerance levels, the other reacts in a way that can
either exacerbate or mitigate the behavior.
It asks that what can be said if the children
make their own development while their
parents watch them from far away. If i say
that the children are not affected from this
situation and everything becomes better,
reciprocal influence between them is
ignored. However, my actual thought is in
favor of that parents have some control
over their children, and provide guidance
to them.
Bell (1979) says that even though most of the
researches emphasized parents influence on
children, in reality interaction between these two
groups is reciprocal. This shows power of the
children and infants and that lives of the parents
can be directed to a way whose direction is
determined by their children.

ROBERT CAIRNS (1998)


Robert Cairns (1998) points out the idea of
bidirectionality does not assume that parents and
children exercise equal influences over each other.
Summary
Increased recognition of the effects of
reciprocal influences in the behavior of
parents and their offspring may result in
children's improved well-being through the
enhancement of parent effectiveness
dissolution of the notion that the parent is
totally responsible for the child's behavior,
and active parental leadership and guidance.
Bell's model has made us aware that
socialization depends on the reciprocal
influences of each person in the system
on every other person.
Learning Activi
ty
Answer the following questions.
1. Why is it necessary to study this kind of
concept?

2. How do you make sure you have a good


relationship with your parents?
Thank You

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