HISTORICAL FEATURES

• Retaliation (Personal Vengeance)

-was the earliest remedy for a wrong act to anyone. The concept of personal revenge by
the victim’s family or tribe against the family or tribe of the offender, hence “blood feuds”
was accepted in the early primitive societies.

• Fines and Punishment

-Customs have exerted and great force among primitive societies. The acceptance of
vengeance in the form of payment (cattle, food, personal services, etc.) became accepted as
dictated by tribal conditions.

• Securing Sanctuary
-as early as the 13th century, a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refugee in
a church for a period of 40 days.
PINEDA
• 1468 - In England, torture as a form of punishment became prevalent.

• Transportation of criminals in England was authorized. It partially relieved

overcrowding of prisons. Transportation of criminals was abandoned in 1835.
• Death Penalty became prevalent as a form of punishment during the 17th and 18th
Century.

• 13th Century – Securing Sanctuary

- In the 13th century, a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refuge in a church for
a period of 40 days.

• 16th Century
– Transportation of criminals in England was authorized. At the end of this century, Russia
and other European Countries followed this system. This practice was abandoned in 1835.

GAGNI
• Gaols - (jails)
– the description given to pretrial detention facilities operated by English sheriff
in England during the 18th century.

• Galleys
– long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by
criminals. A type of ship used for transportation of criminals in the 16th century.

• Hulks
– these are former warships used to house prisoners in the 18th and 19th century.
- These were abandoned warships converted into prisons as means of relieving
congestion of prisons. They were called as the floating hells.

SANTIAGO
 EARLY PRISONS AND
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Mamertine Prison/“Carcere Mamertino” (600 BC)

- the oldest known prison can

be traced to the Ancient Rome’s
series of dungeons. It was
originally designed as a
reservoir for water.

BATUNGBAKAL
Le Stinche Prison

-90s in Florence, Italy,

housed male inmates separately
from female inmates, and also
segregated inmates by age
group, degree of sanity, and
severity of offense.

BATUNGBAKAL
Walnut Street Jail (1776)

– was originally constructed

as a detention jail in
Philadelphia was converted
into a state prison and became
the first American Penitentiary.

FRANCO
 Devil's Island (Îsle du Diable) – 1852

- the most notorious prison

in the world in terms of the
harshness of its regime and
position. The island is situated
in the Atlantic off the coast of
French Guiana (N.E. coastline
of S. America) and was in use
from 1852 to 1946.

LAPUZ
Bridewell Workhouse

- the most popular

workhouse in London which
house vagrants and
prostitutes.

OCAMPO
Dartmoor Prison

- Once known as the

house of halfway to hell
located in Devonshire,
England that houses French
Prisoners.

OCAMPO
Hospicio de San Michelle
- Prison divided into cells
and first established in the year
1704 at the Hospital of St.
Michael during the reign of
Pope Clement XI; prototype of
reformatories for juvenile
offenders.

TUAZON
 Château d'If (pronounced as shat-o-deef) -1524

– Fortress that was built on

the rocky islet of If, 2 miles
off the French port of
Marseilles. In 1580 it was
taken into use as a state prison
for those convicted of serious
political and religious

GARCIA
Indiana Women’s Prison
- It was established in 1873 as the first
adult female correctional facility in the
country.
-As of 2005 it had an average daily
population of 420 inmates, most of whom
are members of special-needs populations,
such as geriatric, mentally ill, pregnant,
and juveniles sentenced as adults. Security
levels range from medium to maximum.
The prison holds Indiana’s only death
row for women; however, no Indiana
woman is currently sentenced to death.

BONDOC
Alcatraz (The Rock) - 1850
– the prison is located on an
island in San Francisco Bay. It
was built for the military in
the 1850's and used by them, as
a fort and a prison
until 1933 when it passed to the
Department of Justice and
became a civil prison until it
was closed in1963.

LUCENA
Inspection House (Panopticon)
- Jeremy Bentham was founder of the
British Utilitarianism movement which
suggested that laws should be evaluated to
ensure that they are ethical and useful. He
designed a model prison which was
referred to as the “Panopticon”.
-The concept of the design is to allow
all prisoners of an institution to be
observed by a single security guard,
without the inmates being able to tell
whether they are being watched.
-The word panopticon derives from the
Greek word which means "all seeing"
SANTOS
Auburn 1821
- Cell blocks architectural
design to avoid contact with
other prisoners. Imposes
solitary confinement and severe
discipline
-Inmates are on contract-
convict lease system with work
lasting for 10 hours per day and
6 days per week.

PENA
Singsing Prison
- inflicted aside from floggings,
denial of reading materials and
solitary confinement. The shower
bath was a gadget so constructed as
to drop a volume of water on the
head of a locked naked offender. The
force of icy cold water hitting the
head of the offender caused so much
pain and extreme shock that
prisoners immediately sank into
coma due to the shock and
hypothermia or sudden drop in body
temperature.
CAGUNGON
Development of modern prisons and jails

Prisons and jails evolved as a substitute for

transportation, exile, public degradations
particularly corporal punishment, and the death
penalty. In the United States where first
established, imprisonment was introduced as
substitute for corporal punishment and death
penalty
RODRIGUEZ
Timeline on Prison
Development
• 1700- Early punishments included transportation, indentured servitude and
economic sanctions, public humiliation, pillory and ducking stools.

• 1704 - The Hospice of San Michele (Rome), Maison de Force ( Ghent, Belguim)-
two famous prisons were inmates whipped and had to adhere to the rule of
silence. These prisons were considered to be ideal models of the prison institution
at the time.

• 1726- Reform ( John Howard)- was a Christian activist who fought for prison
reform. He inspected jails in order to ensure that prisoners received humane
treatment.

• 1770- Gaols - Early Jails- England TRINIDAD

• 1787- Philadelphia Prison Society – Benjamin Rush- with the help of Quakers, he
worked to improve conditions for prisoners housed in the “ Walnut Street Jail” in
Philadelphia.

• 1790- Inspection House ( Panopticon ) Jeremy Bentham founder of the British

Utilitarianism movement which suggest the laws should be evaluated to ensure that
they are ethical and useful.

• 1825- Auburn and Sing Sing penitentiary (Mass Prisons)- a congregate system was
used. A rule of silence was enforced to keep the prisoners from corrupting one another.
Strict control and severed discipline was common. Whipping was common.

• 1873- The Indiana State Reformatory ( first separate prison for Women) they
received the same punishment as men. TENGCO
• 1876- Reformatory ( Elmira system) – this prison system designed to house young men.
Academic program was put in place and athletics was encouraged. A reward system was
used. Corporal punishment was used to control behavior.

• 1878- Probation ( John Augustus)- was a humble shoemaker who advocated for fair
treatment of criminals. He housed offenders who were sentenced to prison. The actual
legal statute for probation was passed first by Massachusetts in 1878. Probation still
exists today as a community based correction model.

• 1934 - American government opened Alcatraz prison for the nation's worst offenders.
Located in the bay of San Francisco, this famous prison became part of the American
history.

GAGNI
Other Important Dates
• 16- 17th Century- conceptualization of workhouses in England where inmates
work at organized production for the profit of a commercial firm.
• 17- 18th Century
-Death Penalty became prevalent
-Gaols were common
-Galleys- a long narrow, single, decked ship propelled by sails, usually rowed by
criminals
-Hulks- decrepit transport, former warships converted as prisons/ floating hells/
hell hole

• 18th century- Age of Enlightenment

• 1870-1880- Golden Age of Penology
PINEDA
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