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Implicit Differentiation: Lesson 6.4

This document discusses using implicit differentiation to find the slope of a tangent line to a circle at a given point. It explains that while explicit functions can be readily solved for y, implicit functions define y in terms of x without isolating y. Through an example of implicit differentiation, it demonstrates taking the derivative of both sides of an implicit equation with respect to x and using product and chain rules. The document concludes by explaining how to use implicit differentiation to find the slope of the tangent line to a circle at a given point and substituting that point into the implicit differentiation equation to solve for the slope.

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FerrolinoLouie
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56 views

Implicit Differentiation: Lesson 6.4

This document discusses using implicit differentiation to find the slope of a tangent line to a circle at a given point. It explains that while explicit functions can be readily solved for y, implicit functions define y in terms of x without isolating y. Through an example of implicit differentiation, it demonstrates taking the derivative of both sides of an implicit equation with respect to x and using product and chain rules. The document concludes by explaining how to use implicit differentiation to find the slope of the tangent line to a circle at a given point and substituting that point into the implicit differentiation equation to solve for the slope.

Uploaded by

FerrolinoLouie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Implicit Differentiation

Lesson 6.4
Tangent to a Circle

Consider the graph of the equation shown.


x 2  y 2  64 Geogebra
Geogebra
Example
Example

How
Howcancanwe weuse
use
calculus
calculusto tofind
findthe
the
slope
slopeof ofaatangent
tangentforfor
aaparticular
particular(x,(x,y)y)on
on
the
thecircle?
circle?
Why
Whyisisthis
thisaa
problem?
problem? 2
Explicit Functions
We have worked with functions of the form
y  f ( x)
y  4x  5 x3
Examples: y 2
x
y  x  x6
2

Even when given 2x – 3y = 12


2
• We can solve for y  x4
3
3
Implicit Functions
Some functions cannot be readily solved
for y.
x2 y 2
y  3 xy  6 x  0
2 2
 1
25 121

For these we say y is given implicitly in


terms of x
dy
We will use implicit differentiation to find
dx
4
Implicit Differentiation
Given 4xy – 6y2 = 10
• We differentiate with respect to x on both sides
of the equation Each
Eachtime
expression
timeanan
expressionhas hasaayy
d d
 4 xy  6 y    10 
ininit,it,we
weuseusethe
the
2
chain
chainrule
rule
dx dx
0
d d d d 2 d
 4 x  y   4 x  y  6 yy 4 x  12 y  dx ( y)
dx dx dx dx
dy dy
Use
Useproduct
and
productrule
chain
rule
rule
4 y  4x 12 y  0 Use
Usechain
chainrule
and chain rule dx dx rule

5
Implicit Differentiation
dy
Now we have an equation and solve for
dx
dy dy
4 y  4 x  12 y 0
dx dx
dy dy
4 y  12 y  4 x
dx dx
dy
4 y   12 y  4 x 
dx
dy 4x

dx 12 y  4 x
6
We Better Try This Again
Find dy/dx for following

x  4 y  10
3 2

2 x  y 1

x e yx
2 y 3

7
Tangent Lines
Consider the equation for a circle
• x2 + y2 = 36
• What is the equation
of the tangent to the
circle at the point
where x = 5 in the
4th quadrant
Find the slope by using implicit
differentiation
• Substitute in (5, -3.316)
Use point-slope formula for line 8
Review
To find dy/dx for an equation containing both
x and y
1. Differentiate both sides of equation
w/respect to x
• Assuming y is a function of x
2. Place all terms with dy/dx on one side
• All others on other side
3. Factor out dy/dx
4. Solve for dy/dx 9
Implicit Differentiation on the TI
Calculator
We can declare a function which will do
implicit differentiation:
Note,
Note,this
thiscannot
cannot
be
bean
anequation,
equation,
only
onlyan
an
expression
expression

Usage:

10
Assignment

Lesson 6.4
Page 401
Exercises 1 – 21 odd, 43

11

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