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Centre of Gravity, Centroid, Moment of Area

The document discusses key concepts related to the center of gravity, centroid, and moment of area. It defines the center of gravity as the point where the total weight of a body is considered to act. For one-dimensional bodies, the center of gravity can be found by equating the moment of the total weight about an axis to the sum of the moments of individual weights. This process involves integrating the product of the weights and their distances from the axis. The same principle is extended to two- and three-dimensional bodies by taking moments about multiple axes. The centroid of a body is similarly defined in terms of volume instead of weight.

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Muhammad Ali
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59 views10 pages

Centre of Gravity, Centroid, Moment of Area

The document discusses key concepts related to the center of gravity, centroid, and moment of area. It defines the center of gravity as the point where the total weight of a body is considered to act. For one-dimensional bodies, the center of gravity can be found by equating the moment of the total weight about an axis to the sum of the moments of individual weights. This process involves integrating the product of the weights and their distances from the axis. The same principle is extended to two- and three-dimensional bodies by taking moments about multiple axes. The centroid of a body is similarly defined in terms of volume instead of weight.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Centre of gravity, centroid,

moment of area

By: Sajid Raza Zaidi

Lecturer

MED HITEC University Taxila

PhD Scholar, SMME NUST


Hope all of you have seen this
Centre of gravity, centre of mass and centroid of a body

 Knowing the resultant or total weight of a body and its location is important when considering the effect
this force produces on the body.

 The point of location is called the center of gravity

 A body is composed of an infinite number of particles of differential size, and so if the body is located
within a gravitational field, then each of these particles will have a weight dW.

 These weights will form a parallel force system, and the resultant of this system is the total weight of the
body, which passes through a single point called the center of gravity, G

 To show how to determine the location of the center of gravity, consider the rod in Figure, where the
segment having the weight dW is located at the arbitrary position x .

 The total weight of the rod is the sum of the weights of all of its particles, that is
Centre of gravity of a 1D Body

 The
location of the center of gravity, measured from the y axis, is determined by equating the
moment of W about the y axis, to the sum of the moments of the weights of all its particles
about this same axis. Therefore,
Centre of gravity of a 2D Body

Ina similar manner, if the body represents a plate, then a moment balance
about the x and y axes would be required to determine the location (x, y) of
point G.
Centre of gravity of a 3D Body

Finallywe can generalize this idea to a three-dimensional body, and perform a


moment balance about all three axes to locate G for any rotated position of the
axes. This results in the following equations.
Centre of mass of a body

 Inorder to study the dynamic response or accelerated motion of a body, it becomes important
to locate the body’s center of mass Cm.

 Thislocation can be determined by substituting dW = gdm. Provided g is constant, it cancels


out, and so
Centroid of a volume
If the body in Fig. 9–3 is made
from a homogeneous material,
then its density ρ will be constant.
Therefore, a differential element
of volume dV has a mass dm = ρ
dV.
Substitutingthis into Eqs and
canceling out ρ, we obtain
formulas that locate the centroid
C or geometric center of the body;
namely
These equations represent a balance of
the moments of the volume of the body.
Therefore, if the volume possesses two
planes of symmetry, then its centroid
must lie along the line of intersection of
these two planes. For example, the
cone in Figure has a centroid that lies
on the y axis so that x̅  = z ̅  = 0.
The location y can be found using a
single integration by choosing a
differential element represented by a
thin disk having a thickness dy and
radius r = z.

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