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Principles of Heat Transfer

The document discusses six key principles of heat transfer: 1) Heat always flows from hot to cold objects in contact. The rate increases with larger temperature differences. 2) Cold objects have less heat than hot objects of the same mass. Heat is added to make objects hotter and removed to make them colder. 3) Matter can exist as solid, liquid, or vapor, absorbing or releasing a large amount of heat during phase changes without changing temperature.

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19 views

Principles of Heat Transfer

The document discusses six key principles of heat transfer: 1) Heat always flows from hot to cold objects in contact. The rate increases with larger temperature differences. 2) Cold objects have less heat than hot objects of the same mass. Heat is added to make objects hotter and removed to make them colder. 3) Matter can exist as solid, liquid, or vapor, absorbing or releasing a large amount of heat during phase changes without changing temperature.

Uploaded by

debjit123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

PRINCIPLES OF HEAT

TRANSFER
SOURCES OF HEAT
pg. 41 C PRINCIPLE ONE

 Heat ALWAYS flows


from hot to cold when
objects are in contact or
connected by a good heat
conductor.
 The rate of heat transfer
will increase as the
difference in temp
between the two objects pg.. 6 fig 2
increases
pg. 37 C PRINCIPLE TWO

 Cold objects have less


heat than hot objects of
the same mass
 To make a object colder,
remove heat To
make is hotter, add heat
 The mass of the object
remains the same
regardless of the heat
content
pg. 38C EVAPORATION

 The process of moisture becoming a


vapor(molecules escaping from the surface
of the liquid)
 As moisture vaporizes from a warm surface,
it removes heat and lowers the temperature
of the surface.
 The warmer the substance the quicker it will
evaporate.
pg. 41 C PRINCIPLE THREE

 Everything is composed of matter


 All matter exists in one of three states: solid,
liquid or vapor.
 LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION:
When matter changes from liquid to vapor or
vice versa, it absorbs or releases a relatively
large amount of heat without a change in
temperature.(970 Btu)
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT

 BTU is a heat quantity


measure
 BTU is the quantity of
heat needed to raise the
temperature of 1 lb. of
water one degree
Fahrenheit.
 Vaporization: Will
absorb more than five pg.. 7 fig 5
times amount of heat
PRINCIPLE FOUR

 CONDENSATION
When a vapor is cooled
below its dew point, it
becomes a liquid.
(boiling point in
reverse)
 When vapor condenses,
pg.. 8 fig 6 releases five times as
much heat
PRINCIPLE FIVE

 Changing the pressure on


a liquid or a vapor
changes the boiling point.
 Each lb. of pressure
above atmospheric
pressure, raises the
boiling point about three
degrees Fahrenheit.
PRINCIPLE SIX

 When a vapor is
compressed, its
temperature and
pressure will increase
even though heat has
not been added

pg.. 10 fig 10
pg. 43C CONVECTION

 Occurs only in liquids, gases or vapors


 The transfer of heat by the circulation of a
liquid or a vapor (like cooling system)
 Heat flows from a hot surface to a surface
containing less heat.
 Heat rises. (Like on a stove)
pg. 42C RADIATION

 The process that moves heat from a heat


source to an object by means of heat rays
without the medium becoming hot.
 Works on the principle that heat moves from
a hot surface to a surface with less heat.
 Does not require air movement or anything in
between the source and component. (Like
rays of the sun)
Pg 42C CONDUCTION

 Heat is transferred through a solid and gets


the solid hot. (molecules get hot than they
in turn give motion to nearby molecules and
they get hot too)
 Different solids conduct different amounts
of heat in a specific time. (copper vs. glass)
Pg 40C SPECIFIC HEAT

 The amount of heat that must be absorbed


by a certain material if it is to undergo a
temperature change of 1 degree Fahrenheit
 Materials will absorb, emit and exchange
heat at different rates. It takes different
amounts of heat energy (Btu's) to make a
temperature change of the material.
Pg 36C SENSIBLE HEAT

 Any heat that can be felt (with your senses)


and can be measured with a thermometer.
 Like ambient air. You “feel” the change in
temperature which makes you feel cold or
feel hot. Even a few degrees
PRESSURE

 Pressure: A force
exerted per unit of
surface area.
 Atmospheric Pressure:
21% Oxygen 78%
Nitrogen 1% other
gases
 Atmospheric pressure
fig 6.1
is 14.696 psia
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

 Service Manuals refer to pressure when


using A/C gauges as: psig (pounds per
square inch gauge)
 A/C Gauges are calibrated to compensate for
atmospheric pressure.
 Pressures below atmospheric are called
vacuum and measured in inches of mercury
(in Hg)
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

 At sea level where atmospheric pressure is


14.7 PSI, the boiling point of water is 212
degrees Fahrenheit
 At any point higher than sea level the
atmospheric pressure is lower and so is the
boiling point of water.
 Boiling point of H20 decreases by 1.1
degrees F for every 1000 foot in altitude.
page 36 fig 6-3 7th edition
PRESSURE AFFECTS
BOILING POINT
Pressure Increase

 A Pressure increase
also raises the boiling
point of water.
 For every 1 PSI of
pressure increase, the
boiling point raises
2.53 degrees
Fahrenheit
Result of controlling Pressure

 If water boils at a higher temperature when


pressure is applied and at a lower
temperature when the pressure is reduced, it
is obvious that the temperature can be
controlled by controlling the pressure.
 This is the basic theory of physics that
determines and controls the temperature
conditions of air conditioning systems
Temperature and Pressure
Relationship of Refrigerant R-12

 R-12 has a close relationship of it’s pressure


and temperature on the Fahrenheit scale and
pressure scale (of the refrigerant itself)
 20 degrees F/psig to 80 degrees F/psig
 The objective of automotive a/c is to allow
the evaporator to reach its coldest point
without icing.

Page 44 fig 8-3 7th edition


That’s all folks!!!

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