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Learning Rational Function Equation and Inequality

The document provides information about rational functions, equations, and inequalities including: - Definitions of rational expressions, equations, and inequalities. - Procedures for solving rational equations by eliminating denominators to find solutions, and checking for extraneous solutions. - Procedures for solving rational inequalities by rewriting as a single fraction, determining the sign over intervals, and finding boundary values to partition the number line into intervals of solutions. - Representing rational functions using tables of values and graphs by calculating corresponding y-values from given x-values and connecting points.

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Faith Alquiza Villanueva
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© © All Rights Reserved
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50 views

Learning Rational Function Equation and Inequality

The document provides information about rational functions, equations, and inequalities including: - Definitions of rational expressions, equations, and inequalities. - Procedures for solving rational equations by eliminating denominators to find solutions, and checking for extraneous solutions. - Procedures for solving rational inequalities by rewriting as a single fraction, determining the sign over intervals, and finding boundary values to partition the number line into intervals of solutions. - Representing rational functions using tables of values and graphs by calculating corresponding y-values from given x-values and connecting points.

Uploaded by

Faith Alquiza Villanueva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING RATIONAL

FUNCTION, EQUATION AND


INEQUALITY
Review:
Activity 1: The local barangay received a budget
of ₱1,000,000 to provide cash assistance for the families in the
barangay during ECQ due to COVID-19 pandemic. The amount is
to be allotted equally among all the families in the barangay. Write
a model that represents the amount allotted per family (y) in terms
of the total number 0f families (x).
Activity 2: Based on the condition in activity 1, fill up the table
below :

No. of families (x) 20 50 100 300 500 1000 2000 5000


Allocated amount (y)                

A Philanthropist wants to supplement the budget allotted for each


family (in activity 1) by providing an additional of 2000 for each
family. Construct a function representing this relationship.
Rational
   Function defined:
A rational function is a function of the form f(x) = , where
p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions and q(x) is not zero
function.

A polynomial function p of degree n is a function that can


be written in the form:

where …, and is a positive integer. Each summand is a term


of the polynomial function. The constants …, are called the
coefficients. The leading coefficient is . The leading term is
and the constant term is
  
Activity 3.
Determine which of the following algebraic expressions are
rational expressions:
a) (c) (e)
  

b) (d) (f)
Analysis
1. How to determine an expression that is a rational?
2. What makes (c), (d), and (f) not rational expressions?

 
 
 
 
 
 
RATIONAL FUNCTIONS, EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES
Definition
A rational expression is an expression that can be written as a ratio of two polynomials.
A rational equation is an equation involving rational expressions.
A rational inequality is an inequality involving rational expressions.
A rational function is a function of the form where
and are polynomials, and is not a zero function.

a) b) c) g d)

e) f) f g) h)

i) j) k)

Based on the given expressions lettered a to k above, write the letter that corresponds the kind of rational
expression on the blank boxes of the table below..

Rational Equation Rational Inequality Rational Function None of these


       
 
 
 
 
 
SOLVING RATIONAL EQUATIONS
NOTE THAT ELIMINATING DENOMINATORS BY LCD,
MAY INTRODUCE EXTRANEOUS SOLUTIONS. CHECK
THE SOLUTIONS OF THE TRANSFORMED EQUATIONS
WITH THE ORIGINAL EQUATION
Example
   1: Solve for x: .
Find the LCD then make each denominator equal to
LCD. LCD is 10x. So: ( )

=,

Since the denominator of the left side is equal to the


denominator in the right side if the equation, cancel.
20-15 = 2x, 5 = 2x by commutative property, 2x = 5
=, x = , check to see if is not extraneous value of x.
  
 Check is not extraneous value.
 ( Extraneous means a value that will make the expression undefined)

Therefore, the solution.


Illustrative
   example 2
Solve for x:
since - 4 is factored
so make each denominator equal to .
The first denominator shall be multiplied (x-2) to make it (x+2)(x-2).
The second denominator shall be multiplied with (x+2) to make (x+2)
(x-2). Let’s do it.
,
=-
-
   We have similar fractions now. So, = , since the denominator in
left and right side of the equations are equal, we now cancel them. So,
X(x-2) – 1(x+2) = 8 gives us: -2x –x – 2 = 8
- 3x -2 =8, equate to zero, - 3x -2 - 8=0
- 3x -10=0, In getting the value of x we use either trial in error method
or AC method. A=1, b = -3, and c= - 10. In AC method we multiply a
and c then factor AC to get a sum equal to b. ac = 1(-10) = -10, factors
of -10 that will make a sum of -3 are -5 and 2. or -5 + 2 = -3.
Express - 3x -10=0 as a zero product using the factors found.
(x – 5)( x + 2) = 0,
So: x -5 = 0 , x + 2 = 0
x=5 , x = - 2, (These are the values of x)
check if there are values that are extraneous:
   Checking:

If
Note that the original equation becomes undefined if Therefore -2 is the
extraneous value of x

If

Therefore, the only solution is 5.


 SOLVING RATIONAL INEQUALITIES
  

 Procedure for Solving Rational Inequalities

 (a) Rewrite the inequality as a single fraction on one side of the


inequality symbol and 0 on the other side.
 (b) Determine over what intervals the fraction takes on positive and
negative values.
 Locate the x-values for which the rational expression is zero or
undefined (factoring the numerator and denominator is a useful strategy).
 Mark the numbers found in (i) on a number line. Use a shaded circle to
indicate that the value is included in the solution set, and a hollow circle
to indicate that the value is excluded. These numbers partition the
number line into intervals.
 Select a test point within the interior of each interval in (ii). The sign of
the rational expression at this test point is also the sign of the rational
expression at each interior point in the aforementioned interval.
 Summarize the intervals containing the solutions.
Illustrative
   Example:
Solve the inequality .
Step 1: Rewrite the inwquality as a single fraction on one side and zero (0)
on the other side.
,

x–1=0, x + 1=0

x = 1( included) , x = -1 ( excluded) These values of x


are boundaries of the intervals.

.
  
 

x–1=0 , x + 1 = 0
x = 1 (included) x = -1 ( excluded) ( these are boundaries of interval)
(-
o ⦁
 

-1 1
Test points x = -2 x =0 x =2

(+) (-) (+)


Solutions:
( - -1)
  
Illustrative Example 4
Solve: .
Solution:
Step 1. Rewrite the inequality as a single fraction on one side, and 0 on the other
side.
LCD is x(x-2)

, ,

 
x+1= 0 , x = 0, x–2 = 0
x =-1 , x = 0, x = 2
So the bounderies of the intervals are: x = - 1(excluded), 0 ( excluded) and 2(excluded)
Therefore, the solution set is . It can also be written using interval notation:
  

(- , -1) ( -1 , 0) ( 0 , 2) (2,
o o o
-1 0 2
x = -2 x =- x = x=3

(-) (+) (-) (+)


Therefore the solutions are:

(- , -1)
  
 REPRESENTATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTION THROUGH TABLE OF VALUES
AND GRAPH
  Given the rational function , represent the function using a table of
values and plot the graph by connecting the points.
  Activity 4. Complete the table by calculating the c

 orresponding values of y given the values of x.

x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 -1.5 -1.3 -1.1 -1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 0 2 4 6 10


f(x)                                  
THANK YOU

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