MODULE – 2

CLASSIC DATA CENTER

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 1

 Module 2: Classic Data Center (CDC)

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:

• Describe the key elements of a CDC (compute, storage, and network)
• Describe the common storage networking technologies in a CDC
• Explain business continuity technologies commonly used in a CDC
• Discuss CDC management

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 2
 Module 2: Classic Data Center (CDC)

Lesson 1: Application, DBMS, Compute, and Storage

Topics covered in this lesson:
• Application and DBMS
• Physical and logical components of a compute system
• Storage device options
• RAID technology and Intelligent storage system

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 3
 Classic
CDC Data Center (CDC)
A CDC is a facility containing physical IT resources including compute,
network, and storage

Classic Data Center

Core elements of CDC

Application

Database Management System (DBMS)

Compute

Storage

Network

Classic Data Center

4
The core elements of a CDC include compute (server), storage, network,
application, and DBMS.
• Application: An application is a computer program that provides the logic
for computing operations. Applications may use a DBMS, which uses
operating system services to perform store/retrieve operations on storage
devices.
• DBMS: DBMS provides a structured way to store data in logically organized
tables that are interrelated. A DBMS optimizes the storage and retrieval of
data.
• Compute: Compute is a physical computing machine that runs operating
systems, applications, and databases.
Storage: Storage refers to a device that stores data persistently for
subsequent use.
• Network: Network is a data path that facilitates communication between
clients and compute systems or between compute systems and storage.
• These core elements are typically viewed and managed as separate
entities. But, all these elements must work together to address data
processing requirements. Other elements of a CDC are power supplies and
environmental controls, such as air conditioning and fire suppression.

Journey to the Cloud

Key Requirements of a Data Center

Availability
Availability

Data
Data Integrity
Integrity Performance
Performance

Manageability
Manageability

Security
Security Flexibility
Flexibility

Scalability
Scalability

Classic Data Center

6
• A data center infrastructure should meet the following attributes to ensure that data is
accessible to its users effectively and efficiently all the time:
• Availability: All data center elements should be designed to ensure accessibility. The
inability of users to access data can have a significant negative impact on a business.
Performance: All the elements of the data center should provide optimal performance and
service all processing requests at high speed.
• Scalability/flexibility: Data center operations should be able to allocate additional
processing capabilities or storage space on demand, without interrupting business
operations. Business growth often requires deploying more servers, new applications, and
additional databases. The infrastructure should be flexible enough to meet the changing
business requirements. Data center should be able to provide additional resources on
demand without interrupting availability, or, at the very least, with minimal disruption.
Security/Data integrity: It is important to establish policies, procedures, and proper
integration of the data center elements to prevent unauthorized access to information. Data
integrity ensures that data is unaltered. Any variation in data during its retrieval implies
corruption, which may affect the operations of the organization.
• Manageability: Manageability can be achieved through automation and reduction of
manual intervention in common tasks. The additional resource requirements should
primarily be managed by reallocating or improving utilization of existing resources, rather
than by adding new resources. The cost of data center management is one of the key
concerns. Organizations are looking towards optimizing their IT expenditure on data center
maintenance, so that they can invest on innovation and new application deployment.
Journey to the Cloud
Application
• Commonly deployed applications in a CDC
 Business applications
 E-mail, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Decision Support System
(DSS), Data Warehouse (DW)
 Management applications
 Resource management, performance tuning
 Data protection applications
 Backup, replication
 Security applications
 Authentication, antivirus
• Key I/O characteristics of an application
 Read intensive vs. write intensive
 Sequential vs. random

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 8
Database Management System (DBMS)
• Database is a structured way to store data in logically organized
tables that are interrelated
 Helps to optimize the storage and retrieval of data
• DBMS is a collection of computer programs that control the
creation, maintenance, and use of databases
 Processes an application’s request for data
 Instructs the OS to retrieve the appropriate data from storage
• Popular DBMS examples are MySQL, Oracle RDBMS, SQL Server,
etc.

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 9
Compute
Compute
 
A resource that runs applications with the help of underlying computing
components

• Compute consists of physical components (hardware devices) and logical

components (software and protocols)
• Physical components of compute are CPU, Memory, and Input/Output (I/O)
devices
• I/O devices facilitate the following types of communication:
 User to compute: Handled by basic I/O devices such as keyboard, mouse, etc.
 Compute to compute/storage: Enabled using host controller or host adapter

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 10
Examples of Compute System
• Examples of compute systems:
 Laptops/Desktops
 Blade servers
 Complex cluster of servers
 Mainframes
• Bladed server technology is commonly used to deploy compute
systems in a CDC
 Consolidates power- and system-level function into a single,
integrated chassis
 Enables the addition of server modules as hot-pluggable
components
 Provides increased server performance and availability without
increase in size, cost, or complexity

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 11
Server Clustering
• Multiple servers (nodes ) are brought together in a cluster to
improve availability and performance
 When a failure occurs on one node in a cluster, resources and
workload are redirected to another node
• Exchange heartbeat is a checkup mechanism between two nodes
 To see whether a node is up and running
 A failover is initiated, if heartbeat fails

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 12
Logical Components of Compute

Applications

File System

Operating System
Logical Components
Volume Manager

Device Drivers

Storage

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 13
Storage
Storage

It is a resource that stores data persistently for subsequent use.

• Data created by individuals/businesses must be stored for further

processing
• The type of storage device used is based on the type of data and
the rate at which it is created and used
• A storage device may use magnetic, optical, or solid state media
 Examples: Disk drive (magnetic), CD (optical), Flash drive (solid state)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 14
Storage Device Options

●
Low cost solution for long term data storage
Tape Drive ●
Sequential data access, physical wear and tear, and
storage/retrieval overheads

●
Write Once and Read Many (WORM): CD, DVD
Optical Disk ●
Limited in capacity and speed
●
Popular in small, single-user environments

●
Random read/write access
Disk Drive ●
Uses mechanical parts for data access
●
Most popular storage device with large storage capacity

●
Provides ultra high performance required by mission-critical applications
Solid State Drive ●
Very low latency per I/O, low power requirements, and very high throughput
per drive

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 15
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)
RAID

A technology which utilizes multiple disk drives as a set to provide

protection, capacity, and/or performance benefits

• Overcomes limitations of disk drives

• Improves storage system performance
 By serving I/Os from multiple disks simultaneously
• RAID techniques are:
 Striping, mirroring, and parity

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 16
RAID Techniques

Striping Mirroring Parity

A A A

RAID Controller RAID Controller RAID Controller

A1 A2 A3 A A A1 A2 Ap

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 17
RAID Levels

RAID Levels Definition

RAID 0 Striping with no fault tolerance
RAID 1 Disk mirroring
Nested Combinations of RAID levels; Example: RAID 1 + RAID 0
RAID 3 Parity RAID with dedicated parity disk
RAID 5 Parity RAID with distributed parity across all the disks in the set
RAID 6 Distributed parity RAID with dual parity

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 18
Intelligent Storage System
• Is a RAID array highly optimized for I/O processing
• Have large amounts of cache for improving I/O performance
• Have operating environments that provide:
 Intelligence for managing cache
 Optimal management, allocation, and utilization of storage
resources

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 19
 Components of an Intelligent Storage System

Intelligent Storage System

ompute Front-end Back-end Physical Disks

Cache

Network

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 20
 Presenting Storage to Compute System

Intelligent Storage System

LUN 0 Front-end Back-end

Physical Disks

Cache
LUN 0

Network
Compute

LUN 1

LUN 1
Controller RAID Set

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 21
In an intelligent storage system, physical disks are logically grouped together to form a
set, called RAID set, RAID sets usually have large capacities because they combine the
total capacity of individual drives in the set. Logical Units are created from the RAID
sets by partitioning (seen as slices of RAID set) the available capacity into smaller units.
These units are then assigned to the compute system for their storage requirements.
• Logical units are spread across all the physical disks, which belong to that set. Each
logical unit created from the RAID set is assigned a unique ID called Logical Unit
Number (LUN). LUNs hide the organization and composition of RAID set from the
compute systems. The diagram on the slide shows a RAID set consisting of five disks
that have been sliced or partitioned into two LUNs: LUN 0 and LUN 1. These LUNs
are then assigned to compute system 1 and compute system 2 for their storage
requirements.
• It is also possible to control access of LUNs by a compute system. This is done with
the help of “LUN masking”. LUN masking is a process that provides data access
control by defining which LUNs a compute system can access. LUN masking function
is implemented on the storage processor/controller. This ensures that the volume
access by servers is controlled appropriately, preventing unauthorized or accidental
use in a shared environment.

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Storage System Environment - 22
 Module 2: Classic Data Center (CDC)

Lesson 2: Storage Networking Technologies -1

Topics covered in this lesson:
• Compute to compute communication
• Compute to storage communication
 Direct Attached Storage (DAS)
 Fibre Channel SAN (FC-SAN)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 23
Compute to Compute Communication
• Typically uses Ethernet or TCP/IP protocol
 LAN, MAN, and WAN
• Communication is enabled using various components:
 Network Interface Card (NIC)
 Has unique MAC address
 Switches and routers
 Switch provides scalability and interconnection between multiple
compute systems
 Routers allow different networks to communicate with each other
 Cables
 Twisted pair, co-axial cable, optical fiber

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 24
Compute to Storage Communication
• Communication is enabled using various hardware components
(HBA, CNA, NIC, switch, router, gateway ,and cables) and
protocols
• Communication between compute and storage can be done
using channel or network technologies
Channel Technology Network Technology
Compute system and peripheral devices Compute system and peripheral devices are
are connected through channel connected over a network
Provides low protocol overhead due to High protocol overhead due to network
tight coupling connection
Supports transmission only over short Supports transmission over long distances
distances
Protocol examples: PCI, IDE/ATA, SCSI, Protocol examples: iSCSI( SCSI over IP),
etc. FCoE ( Fibre Channel over Ethernet), and
FC

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 25
Communication Protocols
• Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
 Provides interconnection between CPU and attached devices
 Latest PCI Express bus provides throughput of 133 MB/sec
• Integrated Device Electronics/Advanced Technology Attachment
(IDE/ATA)
 Popular protocol to connect to disk drives
 Supports 16-bit parallel transmission
 Serial version is called Serial ATA (SATA)
 Both versions offer good performance at a relatively low cost

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 26
Communication Protocols (contd.)
• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
 Preferred storage connectivity option for high-end
environments
 Improved performance, scalability, and high cost when
compared to ATA
 Serial version is called Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
 Traditionally used for compute to compute communication
 Now used for compute to storage communication also
 iSCSI (SCSI over IP) and FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) are
examples

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 27
Data Access by Compute

Compute Application Application

Compute
File System

File level
Request Network
Block level
Network Request

File System

Storage
Storage Storage Storage

File level Access Block level Access

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 28
 Direct Attached Storage (DAS)
DAS

 An internal or external storage device, which connects directly to a

compute system

• DAS is classified as internal or external based on the location of

the storage device with respect to the compute system
• Benefits:
 Simple to deploy and ideal for local data provisioning
 Low capital expense and less complexity
• Challenges:
 Limited scalability
 Limited ability to share resources
 Islands of over and under utilized storage resources

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 29
Emergence of Storage Networking Technologies
• Just-in-time information for business users
• Flexible and resilient storage architecture
• DAS is inefficient to fulfill these requirements
• Storage networking technologies emerged as a solution
 Fibre Channel SAN (FC SAN)
 Network Attached Storage (NAS)
 Internet Protocol SAN (IP SAN)
 Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)
 Object Based storage
 Unified storage

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 30
What is FC SAN ?
• Dedicated high speed network of Servers Servers Servers

compute systems and shared storage

devices
• Uses SCSI over FC protocol
• Provides block level data access FC SAN

Benefits

• Enables storage consolidation and

sharing
• Enables centralized Management
• Provides scalability and high
performance
Storage Array
• Reduces storage and administration Storage Array

cost

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 31
Components of FC SAN
• Node ports
• Cables
• Connectors
• Interconnecting Devices
• Storage Arrays
• SAN Management software

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 32
Fibre Channel Fabric
FC Fabric Servers
 
One or more interconnected FC switches
through which multiple SAN nodes can
communicate

• In a switched fabric, the link between any

two switches is called Inter Switch Link
Inter switch links
(ISL)

Storage Array Storage Array

Server Server

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 33
Port Types

N-Port

FC Switch
Compute FC Switch

F-Port

F-Port E-Port E-Port F-Port

Storage Array Storage Array

N-Port N-Port

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 34
 FC SAN Addressing
• Fibre Channel Address
 Used to communicate between nodes within SAN
 Similar in functionality to an IP address on NICs
 24 bit address, dynamically assigned

• World Wide Name: Unique 64 bit identifier

 Static to the port, similar to NIC’s MAC address
 Used to physically identify ports or nodes within SAN
World Wide Name – Array
5 0 0 6 0 1 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 B 2
0101 0000 0000 0110 0000 0001 0110 0000 0000 0000 0110 0000 0000 0001 1011 0010

24 bits Model Seed 32 bits

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 35
Zoning
Switch Domain ID = 15
Server 1

Port 5 Storage Array

WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:40 Zone 2 Port 7

Zone 3 Port 1

Server 2

Port 12
Port 9
WWN 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E
WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:56

Zone 1

Server 3 Zone 1 (WWN Zone) = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:82 ; 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E

WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:82 Zone 2 (Port Zone) = 15,5 ; 15,7
Zone 3 (Mixed Zone) = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:56 ; 15,12

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 36
 Module 2: Classic Data Center (CDC)

Lesson 3: Storage Networking Technologies -2

Topics covered in this lesson:
• Internet Protocol SAN (IP-SAN)
• Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)
• Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 37
IP-SAN
IP-SAN

It is a technology that provides transfer of block level data over an IP network.

• IP is being positioned as a storage transport because:

 Offers easier management
 Allows existing network infrastructure to can be leveraged
 Reduces cost compared to new SAN hardware and software
 Supports multi-vendor interoperability
 Many long-distance disaster recovery solutions already leverage IP-
based networks
 Many robust and mature security options are available for IP
networks

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 38
Block Storage Over IP – Protocol Options
Storage Array
• iSCSI (SCSI over IP) iSCSI Gateway

 Encapsulation of SCSI data

(a) iSCSI Implementation
in IP packets
 Ethernet NIC card Server FC Port
 TOE card
 iSCSI HBA IP

 Hardware-based gateway iSCSI HBA

to Fibre Channel storage
 Used to connect compute iSCSI Port

systems
• FCIP Storage Array
 Fibre Channel-to-IP (b) FCIP Implementation
FCIP
bridge/tunnel (point-to- FCIP
gateway
gateway
point)
 Fibre Channel end IP

points
 Used in DR FC HBA FC Port
Storage Array Storage Array

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 39
iSCSI Topologies
• Native Native iSCSI Port
Storage Array

 No FC components Servers

 iSCSI Initiators
IP
connect directly to the
Array
iSCSI HBA

• Bridged Servers
iSCSI Gateway
 Translates iSCSI/IP to
Storage Array
FC IP

 iSCSI initiator
iSCSI HBA
configured with
Servers
bridge as target FC SAN
 Bridge acts as virtual
FC initiator FC Port

FC HBA

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 40
 Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP)
• IP-based storage networking technology
• Combines advantages of Fibre Channel and IP
• Creates virtual FC link that connects devices in a different fabric
• Distance extension solution
 Used for data sharing over geographically dispersed SAN

FCIP gateway FCIP gateway

FC SAN IP FC SAN

Host

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 41
Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)
• A protocol that encapsulates Fibre Channel frames for transport
over Enhanced Ethernet networks
• Enables the consolidation of SAN traffic and Ethernet traffic onto
a common 10 Gigabit Ethernet infrastructure
 Consolidates compute to compute and compute to storage
communication over a single channel

Benefits

• Lowers capital expenditure

• Reduces power and cooling requirements
• Enables consolidation of network infrastructure
• Lowers Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 42
I/O Consolidation with FCoE

…………
Hosts

FCoE links

FCoE Switch

LAN

…………
Storage Arrays

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 43
Components of FCoE
• Converged Network Adapter(CNA)
 Multi function adapter
 Performs the data networking of NIC and storage networking of
HBA
• FCoE Switch
 Contains Ethernet bridge and Fibre Channel Forwarder (FCF)
 FCF encapsulates FC frames into FCoE frames and de-capsulates
FCoE frames to FC frames
• Converged Enhanced Ethernet (CEE)
 Extensions to conventional Ethernet standard to eliminate its
lossy nature

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 44
 File Sharing Technology Evolution
Networked File Sharing

Portable Media Networked PCs

Stand Alone PC for File Sharing

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 45
What is Network Attached Storage(NAS)?
NAS

A storage device connected to a network that provides file level data

access to heterogeneous clients Clients

Application Print
Server Server NAS Device

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 46
Benefits of NAS
• Supports comprehensive access to information
• Provides improved efficiency
• Provides improved flexibility
• Provides centralized storage
• Simplifies management
• Enables scalability
• High availability – through native clustering
• Provides security integration to environment (user
authentication and authorization)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 47
Components of NAS

UNIX
NFS Network Interface
NAS Head
NFS CIFS
IP
NAS Device OS

CIFS Storage Interface

Windows
Storage Array

NAS

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 48
 Module 2: Classic Data Center (CDC)

Lesson 4: Object Based and Unified Storage Technologies

Topics covered in this lesson:
• Object Based Storage
• Unified Storage

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 49
 Object Based Storage
• Object Based Storage combines data with rich metadata to
create an “object”
• Object Based Storage stores data in a flat address space
 There are no hierarchies or nested directories
• Each object is identified by an unique ID (Object ID)
 Generated by a hashing function

OID Object Object

Object

Data Metadata Object Object

Object
Object Object

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 50
Unified Storage
• Provides Consolidated Management interface for NAS, SAN,
iSCSI, FCoE, and object based technologies

SOAP and REST

FC FCoE NFS and CIFS

LAN/WAN

Unified Storage

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 51
 Module 2: Classic Data Center (CDC)

Lesson 5: Business Continuity Overview and Backup

Topics covered in this lesson:
• Business Continuity (BC) Terminologies
• Backup Granularity
• Backup Components and Operation
• Deduplication: Types and methods

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 52
Backup Components
• Backup client
 Sends backup data to
backup server or storage
node
• Backup server
log
 Manages backup ta
Ca
ta
a
tad Storage Array
operations and Backup Data Me
Ba
cku
maintains backup catalog pD
ata

• Storage node Backup Server/

Application Server/
 Responsible for writingBackup Client Storage Node

data to backup device

Backup device
• Backup device
 Stores backup data

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 53
Where does Deduplication Occur?

Source Based Deduplication Target Based Deduplication

 Data is Deduplicated at the source  Data is Deduplicated at the target
(backup client) (backup device)
 Backup client sends only new, unique  Backup client sends native data to the
segments across the network to the backup device
backup device  Increased network bandwidth and
 Reduced storage capacity and network storage capacity requirements
bandwidth requirements and
increased overhead on the backup
client

Deduplication at Source Deduplication at Target

SAN
SAN

Backup client Backup device Backup client Backup device

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 54
 Deduplication : Methods
• Single Instance Storage (SIS)
 Detects and removes redundant copies of identical files
 After a file is stored in the SIS system, all other references to the
same file refer to the original copy
• Sub-file Deduplication
 Identifies and filters repeated data segments stored in files
 Within a single system and across multiple systems
• Compression
 Reduces file size
 Identifies and removes blank spaces and repeated data chunks
 Can be performed at source(client) or target(storage device)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 55
 Module 2: Classic Data Center (CDC)

Lesson 6: Replication Technologies

Topics covered in this lesson:
• Types of Replication
• Local Replication Methods
• Remote Replication Methods

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 56
What is Replication?
• Process of creating an exact copy of data
• Drivers for replication
 Alternate source for backup
 Fast recovery
 Decision support
 Testing platform
 Restart from replica
• Classification of Replication:
 Local replication
 Remote replication

REPLICATION

Source Replica (Target)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 57
Local Replication
• Process of replicating data within the same array or the same
data center
• Compute based replication
 Replication is performed by using CPU resources of the compute
system
 Types: LVM based mirroring and File system Snapshot
• Storage array based replication
 Replication is performed by using CPU resources of the storage
array
 Types of Storage array based replication techniques:
 Full volume mirroring
 Pointer based full volume replication
 Pointer based virtual replication

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 58
Compute Based Replication
• Logical Volume Manager based mirroring
 Each logical partition in a logical volume is mapped to two physical
partitions on two different physical volumes
 Write to a logical partition is written to the two physical partitions
• File System Snapshot
 Pointer-based local replication uses Copy on the First Write (CoFW)
principle
 Uses bit map and block map
 Requires a fraction of the space used by the production FS

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 59
 Module 2: Classic Data Center (CDC)

Lesson 7: CDC Management

Topics covered in this lesson:
• Key Management activities in a CDC
• Information Lifecycle Management (ILM)

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 60
Overview of CDC Management Activities
• Key management activities in a CDC:
 Monitoring and Alerting
 Reporting
 Availability Management
 Capacity Management
 Performance Management
 Security Management

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 61
Monitoring
• Compute systems, storage, and networks are the key
components to be monitored
Key Parameters to be Description
Monitored
Accessibility Availability of a component to perform
a desired operation
Capacity Amount of resources available
For ex: free space available on a file
system or RAID group
Performance How efficiently different components
are performing
Security Mechanisms to track and prevent
unauthorized access

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 62
Capacity Management
• Ensures adequate availability of resources based on their service
level requirements
• Manages resource allocation
• Key activities
 Trend and Capacity analysis
 Storage provisioning
 Examples
 Compute: Compute configuration and file system/DB management
 Storage: Device configuration and LUN Masking
 SAN: Unused Ports and Zoning

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 63
Performance Management
• Configure/design for optimal operational efficiency
• Performance analysis
 Identify bottlenecks
 Fine tuning for performance enhancement
• Key activities:
 Compute: Volume management, database/application layout
 Storage Array: Choice of RAID type and layout of devices (LUNs)
and choice of front-end ports
 SAN: Designing sufficient ISLs with adequate bandwidth

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 64
Security Management
• Prevents unauthorized activities or access
• Key activities:
 Compute
 Creation of user logins and user privileges
 Storage Array
 LUN masking prevents data corruption on the storage array by
restricting compute access to a defined set of logical devices
 SAN
 Configuration of zoning to restrict unauthorized HBAs

Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Classic Data Center 65
Managing Information in CDC – Challenges
• Exploding digital universe
 Multifold increase of information growth
• Increasing dependency on information
 The strategic use of information plays an important role in
determining the success of an organization
• Changing value of information
 Information that is valuable today may become less important
tomorrow

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 Information Lifecycle Management (ILM)
  ILM
A proactive strategy that enables an IT organization to effectively align the
business value of information with the most appropriate and cost-effective
infrastructure, from the time information is created, through its final
disposition
Protect

New Process Deliver Warranty

order order order claim
Time
Value

Fulfilled Aged Warranty

order data Voided

Create Access Migrate Archive Dispose

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